4.4 A turbulent uprising (part 3)

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

A turbulent uprising

Part 3

At the end of this lesson...

• You can give various examples of how the Duke of Alba tried to control the Netherlands after the Iconoclastic outbreak.

Who is this woman?

1. Margaret of Parma
2. Margaret of Austria
3. Elizabeth Bathory
4. Elizabeth of Parma

What happened after the nobleman's petition?

Hagenpreken 

• There were no calvinist churches so the people had to hold hagenpreken. 
• During one of these they talk about their disapproval of Philip and the catholic church....

A religious gathering in an open field, led by a Calvinistic preacher

The Iconoclastic Fury 

1566

• The unrest temporarily diminishes, but in August 1566 things go wrong
• After a call from Protestant priests to remove the statues in the churches, hundreds of churches are vandalized and looted.
• This iconoclastic fury was not only done by fanatical Protestants, but also by poor and hungry Catholics and rioters.

De beeldenstorm AKA the Iconoclastic Fury: In 1566 a group of Calvinists are furious after all Philip II has done. They decide to destroy Catholic churches and monastries they feel are decorated too lavishly.

During the song they sing: ''wij protestanten worden gediscrimineerd''. Give two examples of how the protestants were being discriminated.

During the song they sing ''ja zo maken wij de kerken schoon''. Why would they sing this do you think?

Philip is furious!

• Philip sends his best general, Alva, with 10,000 soldiers to deal with the Iconoclastic Fury.
• Anyone guilty will be severely punished, including the nobles who failed to prevent the Iconoclastic Fury
• Margaret of Parma abdicated in 1567, and Alva succeeded her as viceroy.
• 
  Some nobles, such as William of Orange, fled the Netherlands.

Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, hertog van Alva, was één van de succesvolste generaals van Karel V en Filips II. Voor hen had hij al veel belangrijke veldtochten gewonnen.

Hij was al 60 jaar, voor die tijd een hoge leeftijd, toen hij landvoogd van de Nederlanden werd.

Council of blood and taxes

• To punish those guilty of the Iconoclastic Fury, Alva establishes a court: the Council of Troubles, which is soon called the 'Blood Council'.
• To pay for the Spanish army, Alva introduces new taxes, of which the 'Tenth Coin' is the most hated.
• Nobles, who according to Alva, had played a role but had not fled were arrested and executed.

De Raad van Beroerten was een bijzondere rechtbank, ingesteld op 20 september 1567 door de hertog van Alva namens koning Filips II. De Raad had tot doel iedereen te vonnissen die op een of andere manier had deelgenomen aan de opstanden van 1566-1567 die waren uitgelopen in de beeldenstorm. 

De Raad was wettig, de koning had het recht om hoogverraad en wat daaronder viel, door een speciale rechtbank te laten beoordelen. Bij de vonnissen van de Raad, die op degelijk onderzoek berustten, stond vooral het belang van de koning voorop. Op privileges werd bij het vonnissen niet gelet.

De Raad werd door het volk vanwege het grote aantal uitgesproken doodvonnissen ook wel Bloedraad genoemd. 

De Raad van Beroerten werd ingesteld in 1567 en opgeheven in 1576.

Give two examples of how Alva tried to control the Netherlands after he became Viceroy

Homework

4.4 exercise 1, 2, 3 and 4