Grammar 6 - The Past Tenses

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

Grammar 6: 
The Past Tenses

Periode A

Simple past (I walked)

De simple past tense wordt gebruikt om te spreken over een voltooide handeling op een specifiek moment in het verleden. De duur is niet belangrijk.

Signaalwoorden Past Simple

 yesterday, last week, last year, three days ago, a long time ago, in 1989, etc.

Werkwoord + ed

- to talk: I talked to Jim this morning.

Let op! -> er zijn ook onregelmatige werkwoorden

Past Continuous

Actie die een langere tijd heeft geduurd in het verleden

                                                                                      Heden

Julia was doing her homework yesterday morning.

Mogelijke signaalwoorden

while, at the same time.

Past Simple & Continuous

Past Simple              = walked (+ onregelmatige ww)
                                       = in het verleden gebeurd en afgelopen
                                       = yesterday, last week, two months ago  

Past Continuous    = was/were walking 
                                       = langere tijd bezig in het verleden
                                       = when, while 

Present Perfect

In het verleden gebeurd maar effect is 'nu' voelbaar

We have built a house

Actie is in het verleden gebeurd en is nu nog steeds bezig

We have been at school since 11 o'clock this morning

Signaalwoorden Present Perfect

for, yet, never, ever, just, already, since, so, still

Ezelsbruggetje -> eerste letters signaalwoorden

FYNE JASSS

Hoe maak je de Present Perfecrt

Has/have

 + Voltooid deelwoord -> werkwoord +ed of onregelmatig

Marc has lived in Laren since 2002.

We have worked on our business idea for 3 years.

Past Perfect

Je gebruikt de Past Perfect wanneer je meerdere momenten in het verleden bespreekt. De past perfect gebruik je dan voor dat wat het langst geleden is en de past simple voor dat wat minder lang geleden heeft plaatsgevonden.

- Right after he had shouted to me, he ran away.

- Before they went to the city, they had finished the game.

- I planned to go on holiday, when I had heard about the cheap ticket prices.

Signaalwoorden Past Perfect

after, before, because, right after, as soon as, when, in 2012

- past perfect = had + voltooid deelwoord (+ed of onregelmatig)

Present & Past Perfect

Present Perfect   = have/has walked (+ onregelmatige ww)
                                    = in verleden begonnen en nu nog zo 
                                    = for, since, yet, still, already, lately, never

Past Perfect          = had walked (+ onregelmatige ww)
                                    = actie voor een andere actie in het verleden
                                    = by the time, after, before, as soon as, when

Present Perfect Continuous

- have/has been walking
- een actie die recent gestopt is maar nog een effect heeft / 
   in verband staat met 'het nu'
- all day, since, for, the whole day

Why are you covered in flour? I have been baking cakes all day.
He's angry because he has been doing chores since 8:00. 

Past Perfect Continuous

- had been walking
- een actie die in het verleden is gebeurd en is afgelopen, maar 
   waar je de duur/lengte van wilt benadrukken
- for, since, when, how long, before

I was exhausted, because I had been working out all day.
Dave got an 8,5 because he had been studying for weeks. 

1. I studied German in school, but I ______ (forget) most of it now.

1. forgot
2. have forgot
3. have forgotten
4. have been forgetting

2. It was very noisy next door. Our neighbours _____ (have) a party.

1. were having
2. have had
3. had been having
4. was having

3. I _____ (think) about what you said and I've decided to take your advice.

1. was thinking
2. were thinking
3. have been thinking
4. have thought

4. Sue was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She _____ (run).

1. had run
2. had been running
3. have been running
4. was running

5. I _______ (apply) for a job as a tourist guide, but I wasn't very succesful.

1. applied
2. have applied
3. have been applying
4. had been applying

6. I was sad when I sold my car. I _____ (have) it for a very long time.

1. have had
2. had had
3. was having
4. had

7. I haven't seen Alan for ages. When I last saw him, he _____ (try) to find a job.

1. tried
2. was trying
3. had tried
4. had been trying

8. I was very disappointed when I had to cancel my holiday. I _____ (look) forward to it.

1. looked
2. had looked
3. have been looking
4. had been looking

9. When I was young, I _____ (want) to be a pilot.

1. was wanting
2. wanted
3. had wanted
4. had been wanting

10. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody ____ (go) to bed.

1. went
2. had gone
3. had been going
4. was going

11. This is a very old book. I _____ (have) it since I was a child.

1. had
2. have had
3. have been having
4. had had

12. Dave ____ (fall) down the stairs this morning and broke his leg.

1. fall
2. fell
3. felt
4. falt

13. Alice isn't here at the moment. She _____ (go) to the shops to get some groceries.

1. went
2. has gone
3. has been going
4. was going

14. I felt very tired when I got home, so I ______ (go) straight to bed.

1. went
2. have gone
3. was going
4. had gone

15. My brother is an actor. He ______ (appear) in several movies.

1. appeared
2. has appeared
3. has been appearing
4. was appearing

Today:

- Work on Grammar 6 
- Finish last week's homework 
- Study for the test (vocabulary/grammar/reading)

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