H4 Grammar unit 3 & weblinks to practice

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Grammar Unit 3

• The Gerund - verb + ing as subject/object & after certain verbs /prepositions/ expressions (study!) - 

Examples: Climbing mountains is awesome! I hate studying for a test. She's no good at cooking.

• The Continuous forms - Present Continuous; Past Continuous; Present Perfect Continuous; Past Perfect Continuous

have or had + been + verb + ING

Listen to him! He is snoring. He is always doing that, I hate it! = present continuous

I was driving all night while you were sleeping = past continuous

 I have been working all morning!  = present perfect continuous

He had not been paying any attention during class, and so he gave the wrong answer. = past perfect continuous

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Grammar Unit 3

The Future forms:

1) Present Simple -> Timetables/Schedules

Examples:

The train/bus/airplane leaves at 9 am.

School starts at 8 am

The stores open at 7 am

2) Going to + verb ->

• plans/intententions to do something
• present evidence that something is going to happen

Examples:

I have bought milk, eggs and flower because I am going to make pancakes this evening.

Can you hear the thunder? It is going to rain soon.

Grammar Unit 3

The Future forms:

3) Present  Continuous-> appointments in the (near) future (arrangements have been made and you're sure about them taking place)

Examples:

I am meeting my accountant this afternoon.

I am going to the dentist tomorrow. 

She is leaving for Toronto next week.

4) Will + verb -> 

• Future facts - ;The icecap will melt if temperatures increase further.
• Prediction without evidence (opinion) - I think Ajax will win the Champions League.
• Spontaneaous decisions/offers at the moment of speaking - Oh, just leave it there. I'll take it inside. Yummy, that looks good, I think I'll have the same as you.

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Indirect Speech (said that + backshift)

Direct:

I worked in a restaurant.

Indirect:

Mark said that he had worked in a estaurant.

Direct:

I have always loved her.

Indirect:

He said that he had always loved her.

Indirect Speech (said that + backshift)

Direct:

I work in a restaurant.

Indirect:

Mark said that he worked in a restaurant.

Direct:

I will help you with that.

Indirect:

He said that he would help me with that

Passive voice

(a form of) to be + past participle (3rd form)

i.e. The thieves were caught last Sunday.

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Er wordt gezegd/men zegt

It is said

It was said

It has been said

It had been said

It will be said

Etc.

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