2.2 the Rhine a river in Europe

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

www.vikingrivercruises.com

At the end of this lesson

You can describe the differences between the upper and middle courses of the River Rhine.

Language aims: you are able to use the keywords: upper course, middle course, gradient

Draw the following keywords in your notebook

1.Erosion

2.Weathering

3.Endogenic

4.Exogenic

Upper course

Swiss alps

Swiss alps

-A glacier starts dripping
-Water erodes the rock

-High and steep river banks (v-shape)

-Narrow river

-Gradient(slope) is high

Middle and lower course

Watershed middle course

Germany, Luxemburg, France, Belgium

Watershed lower course 
Germany, Belgium, Netherlands

Upper Rhine plain

Formation of an oxbow lake

Oxbow lake

Transportation instead of erosion

Suspension= stijgen

Traction= rollen

Solution= oplossen

Saltation= saltare = springen

To do:

>Exercises 3 to 6

Now you know

You can describe the differences between the upper and middle courses of the River Rhine.

Language aims: you are able to use the keywords: upper course, middle course, gradient

HORST & GRABEN

Horst & Graben

GRABEN

At the end of the lesson:

How you can calculate the fall and gradient between 2 points in a river (G121).

How you can explain the difference in formation between an estuary and a delta, using the terms sedimentation and erosion (G90).

Try to explain how a meander forms

-Write it in your notebook.

The lower reaches of the Rhine

In the lower reaches after Bonn > slow current > meanders > Rhine splits into Waal, Nether-Rhine and IJssel.

Fall (verval) = difference in altitude between two points along a river

Gradient (verhang) = fall per kilometre

Example: Spijk (12 metres) and Hoek van Holland (0 metres) >>  150 km apart 

Fall = 12 metres

Gradient = 12 metres : 150 kilometres = 0.08 metres per km

Near the mouth

 

--Very little difference in altitude 

--Small fall and gradient > lot of sedimentation> riverbed clogs > delta

Regime

The lower reaches of the Rhine.

The Netherlands lies on the Rhine delta.
Risk of flooding, but also flat and fertile, so densely populated.

Regime = fluctuations in the amount of water transported by a river.

Fall and gradient

Read the text and fill in:

Fall(verval)= ..........

Gradient(verhang)= ........

Ready? Start exercise 7 to 10

The difference in altitude between two points along a river.

The fall per kilometre.

To do 

Draw a sketch of the Rhine...put the following words in it:

Erosion-Transportation-meanders-narrow river-wide river

Exercise 7 to 10 paragraph 2.2

Check your answers

What is your question about 2.2?

Now you know:

How you can calculate the fall and gradient between 2 points in a river (G121).

How you can explain the difference in formation between an estuary and a delta, using the terms sedimentation and erosion (G90).

FALL & GRADIENT

Try to explain how a meander forms

-Write it in your notebook.

Ready? Do the exercises on the handouts.
Homework: 2.3 exercise 1 to 6.