3.4 organising digestion

Welcome everyone 
 Think about...
  • Take off your coat, hat/cap off.
  • Mobile in the phone bag (on silent).
  • Book (laptop) + notebook, pen on the table. Bag on the floor.
  • Sit in your own place.
  • You can eat and drink in the canteen.
  • 5 minutes.
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Slide 1: Diapositive
BiologieMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 2

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Welcome everyone 
 Think about...
  • Take off your coat, hat/cap off.
  • Mobile in the phone bag (on silent).
  • Book (laptop) + notebook, pen on the table. Bag on the floor.
  • Sit in your own place.
  • You can eat and drink in the canteen.
  • 5 minutes.
timer
5:00

Slide 1 - Diapositive

schedule 
  • Repetition                    10 min.
  • Explanation 3.4         10 min.
  • Doing a exercise       15 min      
  • Closing                           5 min. 

Slide 2 - Diapositive

The 7 nutrients we need
  1. Proteins
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. Fats
  4. Water
  5. Vitamins
  6. Minerals
  7. Fibres

Slide 3 - Diapositive

What do we need nutrients for? 
  1. Growth and repair
  2. Energy
  3. To stay healthy 

Slide 4 - Diapositive

What is digestion
Digestion: Breakdown of food molecules into small food molecules 

When food is digested it is absorbed  

Slide 5 - Diapositive

FASES OF DIGESTION:
  • INGESTION
  • CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL DIGESTION
  • ABSORPTION
  • Elemination

Slide 6 - Diapositive

Big vs. Small
Big molecules -> Insoluble can not get through the gut wall

Small molecules -> Soluble can get through the gut wall

Slide 7 - Diapositive

CHEMICAL DIGESTION:
  • BREAKING THE FOOD INTO EVEN SMALLER MOLECULES.
  • USING ENZYMES TO BREAK DOWN THE FOOD MOLECULES. 

Slide 8 - Diapositive

Slide 9 - Diapositive

enzymes 
substrate is broken down

Slide 10 - Diapositive

Why chew?
Digestive juices need to digest nutrients




Chewing makes the surface area bigger

Slide 11 - Diapositive

Why chew?
Chewing creates a bigger surface area.




bigger surface area = more surface where digestive juices can do their job = more and quicker digestion

surface area of 6 cm2
surface area of 1,5 cm2
together 12 cm2

Slide 12 - Diapositive

Learning goals 
  • What are the organs of digestion? 
  • what is the function of those organs?
  • What is peristaltis? 
  • What is Emulsification? 

Slide 13 - Diapositive

How does our body process the food?
  • INGESTION
  • MECHANICAL DIGESTION
  • CHEMICAL DIGESTION
  • ABSORPTION
  • Elimination 

Slide 14 - Diapositive

Peristaltic movements
  • Contractions of muscles 
  • esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
  • sphincters (kringspieren) contract behind a bolus of food
  • moves food through the digestive tract

Slide 15 - Diapositive

ABSORPTION

  • Once digestion is complete
  • second half small intestine 
  • water mainly absorbed in large intestine (colon)

Slide 16 - Diapositive

Exercise 
  • Draw the organs of the digestive system
  • Label the parts
  • Add the functions

you can use your book page 76 

Slide 17 - Diapositive

INGESTION:
MOVING THE FOOD INTO YOUR MOUTH

Slide 18 - Diapositive

INGESTION:
MOVING THE FOOD INTO YOUR MOUTH

Slide 19 - Diapositive

MECHANICAL DIGESTION:

  • BREAKING THE FOOD INTO SMALLER PIECES.
  • THIS IS DONE BY YOUR TEETH
  • BITING AND CHEWING

Slide 20 - Diapositive

Chemical digestion Step 1
  • starts in: the mouth 
  • the enzyme: amylase (a carbohydrase)
  • the liquid: saliva 
  • the nutrient: carbohydrates
  • the products: glucose 

The enzymes in your saliva start breaking down the carbohydrate molecules into glucose.

Slide 21 - Diapositive

3.4 Organising digestion

Slide 22 - Diapositive

What do you remember? 
  • What are the nutrients you have to know? 
  • Why do we need nutrients? 
  • What is digestion?
  • What are de different stages of food processing?
  • What are enzymes?
  • Can you name three enzymes with functions?

Slide 23 - Diapositive

Learning goals achieved?  
  • What are the organs of digestion? 
  • what is the function of those organs?
  • What is peristaltis? 
  • What is Emulsification? 

Slide 24 - Diapositive

The digestive organs
  1. liver                        - creates bile
  2. gall bladder        - stores bile
  3. duodenum          - bile and enzymes from pancreas added
  4. appendix              - immunological defense
  5. oesophagus          - transports food to stomach
  6. stomach               - protein digestion, stomach 
  7. pancreas              - creates digestive enzymes
  8. small intestine   - digests and absorbs nutrients
  9. large intestine    - absorbs water
  10. rectum                   - stores faecal matter
  11. anus                        - exit hole

Slide 25 - Diapositive

Down the tube!
Oesophagus
Peristalsis: moving food down your oesaphagus (gullet)

Slide 26 - Diapositive

Slide 27 - Vidéo

Why is your stomach rumbling? 
-peristalsis, muscle activity
- mechanical digestion

-Empty stomach and intestines make a louder sound!

Slide 28 - Diapositive

In your stomach
Digestive juices are added

  • Proteases -> digestion proteins -> amino acids
  • Hydrochloric acid -> acid PH, best for the enzymes + acidic environment also kills germs
  • Rennin (only babies) makes milk solid, stays in the stomach longer


Slide 29 - Diapositive

BILE

  • PRODUCED by the lover
  • STORED in the gall blatter
  • contains emulsifying agents (bile salts)
  • contains waste products (bilirubin)
  • transporters via a tube to the duodenum

Slide 30 - Diapositive

EMULSIFICATION

  • by bile salts
  • devides larger globules of fat into smaller ones
  • increasing surface area for enzyme lipase from pancreas

Slide 31 - Diapositive

small           intestine

Slide 32 - Diapositive

In your small intestine
2 important liquids added in the first part (the duodenum)
  • Pancreatic juice (carbohydrases, proteases and lipases)
  • Bile from the liver, stored in the gall bladder
  • Bile is alkaline neutralises acid from the stomach
  • Bile emulsifies fats, increases surface area of fats lipase enzymes to act upon (emulsification)

Slide 33 - Diapositive

In your small intestine

Intestinal juice (carbohydrases, proteases, lipases) Complete digestion of food, made by the wall of the small intestine

Slide 34 - Diapositive

Slide 35 - Diapositive

Slide 36 - Diapositive

Work

  • Read pages 76-79
  • Make excercises 49 -57


Slide 37 - Diapositive

Slide 38 - Vidéo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

heart

large intestine

small intestine

stomach

lung

liver

brain

kidney

Slide 39 - Question de remorquage