3.4 organising digestion

Welcome everyone 
 Think about...
  • Take off your coat, hat/cap off.
  • Mobile in the phone bag (on silent).
  • Book (laptop) + notebook, pen on the table. Bag on the floor.
  • Sit in your own place.
  • You can eat and drink in the canteen.
  • 5 minutes.
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Slide 1: Diapositive
BiologieMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 2

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Welcome everyone 
 Think about...
  • Take off your coat, hat/cap off.
  • Mobile in the phone bag (on silent).
  • Book (laptop) + notebook, pen on the table. Bag on the floor.
  • Sit in your own place.
  • You can eat and drink in the canteen.
  • 5 minutes.
timer
5:00

Slide 1 - Diapositive

schedule 
  • Repetition                    10 min.
  • Explanation 3.4         10 min.
  • Doing a exercise       15 min      
  • Closing                           5 min. 

Slide 2 - Diapositive

What do you remember? 
  • What are the nutreints you have to know?
  • Why do we need nutrients? 
  • What is digestion?
  • What are de different stages of food prcessing?
  • What are enzymes?
  • Can you name three enzymes with functions?

Slide 3 - Diapositive

The 7 nutrients we need
  1. Proteins
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. Fats
  4. Water
  5. Vitamins
  6. Minerals
  7. Fibres

Slide 4 - Diapositive

What do we need nutrients for? 
  1. Growth and repair
  2. Energy
  3. To stay healthy 

Slide 5 - Diapositive

What is digestion
Digestion: Breakdown of food molecules into small food molecules 

When food is digested it is absorbed  

Slide 6 - Diapositive

FASES OF DIGESTION:
  • INGESTION
  • CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL DIGESTION
  • ABSORPTION
  • Elemination

Slide 7 - Diapositive

Big vs. Small
Big molecules -> Insoluble can not get through the gut wall

Small molecules -> Soluble can get through the gut wall

Slide 8 - Diapositive

CHEMICAL DIGESTION:
  • BREAKING THE FOOD INTO EVEN SMALLER MOLECULES.
  • USING ENZYMES TO BREAK DOWN THE FOOD MOLECULES. 

Slide 9 - Diapositive

Slide 10 - Diapositive

enzymes 
substrate is broken down

Slide 11 - Diapositive

Why chew?
Digestive juices need to digest nutrients




Chewing makes the surface area bigger

Slide 12 - Diapositive

Why chew?
Chewing creates a bigger surface area.




bigger surface area = more surface where digestive juices can do their job = more and quicker digestion

surface area of 6 cm2
surface area of 1,5 cm2
together 12 cm2

Slide 13 - Diapositive

Learning goals 
  • What are the organs of digestion? 
  • what is the function of those organs?
  • What is peristaltis? 
  • What is Emulsification? 

Slide 14 - Diapositive

How does our body process the food?
  • INGESTION
  • MECHANICAL DIGESTION
  • CHEMICAL DIGESTION
  • ABSORPTION
  • Elemination 

Slide 15 - Diapositive

Peristaltic movements
  • Contractions of muscles 
  • esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
  • sphincters (kringspieren) contract behind a bolus of food
  • moves food through the digestive tract

Slide 16 - Diapositive

The digestive organs
  1. liver                        - creates bile
  2. gall bladder        - stores bile
  3. duodenum          - bile and enzymes from pancreas added
  4. appendix              - immunological defense
  5. esophagus          - transports food to stomach
  6. stomach               - protein digestion, stomach 
  7. pancreas              - creates digestive enzymes
  8. small intestine   - digests and absorbs nutrients
  9. large intestine    - absorbs water and location of                                                              microbiome
  10. rectum                   - stores faecal matter
  11. anus                        - exit hole

Slide 17 - Diapositive

BILE

  • PRODUCED by the lover
  • STORED in the gall blatter
  • contains emulsifying agents (bile salts)
  • contains waste products (bilirubin)
  • transporters via a tube to the duodenum

Slide 18 - Diapositive

EMULSIFICATION

  • by bile salts
  • devides larger globules of fat into smaller ones
  • increasing surface area for enzyme lipase from pancreas

Slide 19 - Diapositive

ABSORPTION

  • Once digestion is complete
  • second half small intestine 
  • water mainly absorbed in large intestine (colon)

Slide 20 - Diapositive

Exercise 
  • Draw the organs of the digestive system
  • Label the parts
  • Add the functions

you can use your book page 76 

Slide 21 - Diapositive

Learning goals achieved?  
  • What are the organs of digestion? 
  • what is the function of those organs?
  • What is peristaltis? 
  • What is Emulsification? 

Slide 22 - Diapositive

INGESTION:
MOVING THE FOOD INTO YOUR MOUTH

Slide 23 - Diapositive

INGESTION:
MOVING THE FOOD INTO YOUR MOUTH

Slide 24 - Diapositive

MECHANICAL DIGESTION:

  • BREAKING THE FOOD INTO SMALLER PIECES.
  • THIS IS DONE BY YOUR TEETH
  • BITING AND CHEWING

Slide 25 - Diapositive

Chemical digestion Step 1
  • starts in: the mouth 
  • the enzyme: amylase (a carbohydrase)
  • the liquid: saliva 
  • the nutrient: carbohydrates
  • the products: glucose 

The enzymes in your saliva start breaking down the carbohydrate molecules into glucose.

Slide 26 - Diapositive

Down the tube!
Oesophagus
Peristalsis: moving food down your oesaphagus (gullet)

Slide 27 - Diapositive

Why is your stomach rumbling? 
-peristalsis, muscle activity
- mechanical digestion

-Empty stomach and intestines make a louder sound!

Slide 28 - Diapositive

In your stomach
Digestive juices are added

  • Proteases -> digestion proteins -> amino acids
  • Hydrochloric acid -> acid PH, best for the enzymes + acidic environment also kills germs
  • Rennin (only babies) makes milk solid, stays in the stomach longer


Slide 29 - Diapositive

small           intestine

Slide 30 - Diapositive

In your small intestine
2 important liquids added in the first part (the duodenum)
  • Pancreatic juice (carbohydrases, proteases and lipases)
  • Bile from the liver, stored in the gall bladder
  • Bile is alkaline neutralises acid from the stomach
  • Bile emulsifies fats, increases surface area of fats lipase enzymes to act upon

Slide 31 - Diapositive

In your small intestine

Intestinal juice (carbohydrases, proteases, lipases) Complete digestion of food, made by the wall of the small intestine

Slide 32 - Diapositive

Work

  • Read pages 76-79
  • Make excercises 


Slide 33 - Diapositive

Slide 34 - Vidéo

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

heart

large intestine

small intestine

stomach

lung

liver

brain

kidney

Slide 35 - Question de remorquage

Fases of digestion. Put them in the right order.
1
2
3
4
digestion
ingestion
absorption
egestion

Slide 36 - Question de remorquage

Ingestion
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
MOVING THE FOOD INTO YOUR MOUTH
BREAKING THE FOOD INTO SMALLER PIECES.
THIS IS DONE BY YOUR TEETH
BREAKING THE FOOD INTO EVEN SMALLER PIECES.
USING ENZYMES TO BREAK DOWN THE FOOD MOLECULES. 

Slide 37 - Question de remorquage

Amylase is an example of a
A
Carbohydrase
B
Lipase
C
Protease

Slide 38 - Quiz

During the break down of proteins you get:
A
glucose
B
amino acids
C
fatty acids

Slide 39 - Quiz

The environment of the stomach is
A
Acidic
B
Alkaline

Slide 40 - Quiz