YR3-CH10-LSN6-A

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

LESSON 6

CHAPTER 10

HEALTH & DISEASES

HAVE READY:

• Your macbook on Kwizl
• Your notebook (closed)

ENTRY TICKET:

Do the small quiz on KWIZL

GRADING:

• Check the other person's work.
• Look at it as though you were a teacher.
• Give feedback if you think they need a tip. 

NOW DISCUSS:

• THE E-TICKET (write down tips for yourself in your notebook)
• LEARNING GOALS
• KEY TERMS
• SUMMARY OF THE DAY

Learning goals:

• I understand how we build up immunity to certain diseases.
• I understand and can explain the difference between natural and artificial immunity.
• I understand and can explain the difference between active and passive immunity.
• I understand various diseases and understand how they are treated.

KEY WORDS:

• ANTIGENS
• ANTIBODIES
• NATURAL/ARTIFICIAL
• ACTIVE/PASSIVE
• ANTIBIOTICS / OTHER MEDS
• SOME DISEASES
• TB
• HIV/AIDs
• MALARIA
• MEASLES

READ KERBOODLE PAGES 148-154 AND MAKE A START ON YOUR NOTES. 

ACTIVE IMMUNISATION           PASSIVE IMMUNISATION

WHO PRODUCES THE ANTIBODIES?

Get the disease

- Make your own antibodies

--Make long term memory cells

Vaccination/immunisation

- Make your own antibodies

--Make long term memory cells

Placenta or breastfeeding

- Mother makes antibodies

--No long term memory cells

Serum

- Antibodies from serum

--No long term memory cell

artificial

natural

Assignment 1 - R:

False, red blood cells do

False, B- and T-cells are also white blood cells

True

True

False, healthy red blood cells are not

False, only B cells

True

True

 False, they don't

False, Haemophilics have clotting problems

Assignment 2 - T1:

Assignment 2 - T1:

• a) Not disc shaped; they have a nucleus; they don’t contain haemoglobin.
• b) They have a large surface area to volume ratio for oxygen to diffuse across. They contain haemoglobin, which oxygen combines with to form oxyhaemoglobin.
• c) Phagocytes and lymphocytes. Phagocytes engulf/ingest pathogens. Lymphocytes produce antibodies which attack pathogens.

Assignment 2 - T1:

Take a look at the diagram beside this question. It shows the composition of blood. When you donate blood you often give half a litre (500 ml) per time.

a. The table below shows you how to convert the 500 ml of blood to the correct ratios. Complete the table below.

b. When people donate blood they often try to separate the platelets. Why do you think they would do that?

Assignment 2 - T1:

a. 

b. When people donate blood they often try to separate the platelets. Why do you think they would do that? Platelets are used for separate treatments.

plasma	55%	275 ml
red blood cells	39%	195 ml
white blood cells	1%	5 ml
platelets	5%	25 ml

Assignment 3 - T2:

Assignment 3 - T2:

• a) Tissue fluid.
• b) Two of: oxygen; nutrients; hormones.
• c) Carbon dioxide, chemical waste
• d) Thin, only one cell thick.

Assignment 4 - I:

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Assignment 4 - I:

Assignment 4 - I:

• a) Person A. The person has the most red blood cells to carry oxygen which is relatively low in air at high altitudes.
• b) Person C. The person has the lowest number of red blood cells and is lacking iron for making haemoglobin.
• c) Person C. The person has the lowest number of platelets which are needed for blood clotting.

Assignment 1 - R:

FALSE 1. Antigens are used to attack pathogens.

FALSE 2. B-cells produce antigens.

FALSE 3. Lymphocytes are like kamikaze soldiers.

TRUE 4. B-cells have memory cells that remember pathogens.

TRUE 5. Antigens are proteins on the outsides of cells.

Assignment 2 - T1:

1. Lymph nodes

2. Lymph nodes

3. Tonsils and adenoids

4. Lymphatic vessels

5. Thymus

6. Appendix 

7. Bone Marrow

8. Kidney

9. Preyer's patches

10. Lymph Nodes

11. Lymphatic vessels

Assignment 3 - T2:

1, 2 &  10 Lymph nodes : The nodes filter out the damaged cells and cancer cells.

3. Tonsils and adenoids :  The adenoids and tonsils work by trapping germs coming in through the mouth and nose.

4 & 11 Lymphatic vessels : Lymphatic vessels collect and filter lymph (at the nodes) as it continues to move toward larger vessels called collecting ducts.

5. Thymus : The thymus serves as the body's defense mechanism providing surveillance and protection against diverse pathogens, tumors, antigens and mediators of tissue damage.

6. Appendix : The appendix is designed to protect good bacteria in the gut.

7. Bone Marrow : It manufactures bone marrow stem cells and other substances, which in turn produce blood cells. Each type of blood cell made by the bone marrow has an important job.

8. Kidney : The kidneys act as very efficient filters for ridding the body of waste and toxic substances, and returning vitamins, amino acids, glucose, hormones and other vital substances into the bloodstream. The kidneys receive a high blood flow and this is filtered by very specialised blood vessels.

9. Preyer's patches : Peyer's patches play an important role in immune surveillance of materials within your digestive system. Immune surveillance refers to the process by which your immune system recognizes and destroys potential pathogens.

Assignment 4 - I:

Some people sometimes suffers from what is called an autoimmune disease.

A. explain what an autoimmune disease is.

The person's own immune system is attacking and breaking down cells in your body. Soo in stead of only attacking pathogens, it chooses to attack the cells in your joints or your eyes.

B. Give an example of one. 

Rheumatoid arthritis, Lupus

C. Explain how this disease can be treated or managed.

Sometimes it is treated with immune inhibitors, sometimes people manage with diet. Sometimes the cannot treat the disease but they can only treat the signs and symptoms.

Assignment 4 - I:

a. What is an antibiotic?

Antibiotics, also known as antibacterials, are medications that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria.

b. When were antibiotics first used in the Netherlands?

The first antibiotics were discovered in 1928 the British scientist Alexander Fleming. Medical journals show the first widespread use in 1941, mass production was sped up due to the war.

c. The American army used a lot of antibiotics to treat syphilis amongst the soldiers, unfortunately this created a stronger drug resistant version of syphilis. Explain in detail how this could happen? If you do not completely kill the bacteria they can adapt to the antibiotics, this is why you must always finish all the tablets even-though you are feeling better.