2.2 The European expansion begins

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 2

Discovery and conquest

§ 2.2| The European Expansion begins

Tijd van Steden en staten

1000 - 1500

Tijd van Grieken en Romeinen

(500 v. Chr. - 500 n. Chr.)

Tijd van Monniken en Ridders

(500-1000)

(Vroege Middeleeuwen)

Tijd van Steden en Staten

(1000-1500)

(Late Middeleeuwen)

1492: Columbus 'ontdekt' Amerika

(Einde van de Middeleeuwen)

⚓️

476: Val van het West-Romeinse Rijk

(Begin van de Middeleeuwen)

🔥

Tijd van Ontdekkers en Hervormers

(1500-1600)

Tijd van Regenten en Vorsten

(1600-1700)

Tijd van Pruiken en Revoluties

(1700-1800)

Introduction

The next source (clip) is about the reasons why Columbus started his voyage. What were his reasons? 

What reason(s) did Columbus have for his voyage?

The first voyages

The Portuguese 'Hendrik the Seafarer' went on a voyage of discovery. 

In 1434 past Bojador.

8 years later they found gold on the Gold Coast, Ghana and founded fort Elmina.

This was the beginning of the European expansion, the expansion of the European influence all over the world..

Na het veroveren van de havenstad Ceuta kon Hendrik de Zeevaarder doorvaren richting het zuiden. In 1434 reist hij voorbij de 'Bojador' een plek waar nog nooit voorbij was gevaren, 'waarschijnlijk door zeemonsters of kookend water'

Cape of Good Hope

1434 Beyond Cape Bojador

1442 Gold in Ghana

1488 Beyond Cape of Good Hope

1498 India discovered via a southern route.

* Knowledge must remain secret!

De reis van Bartolomeus Diaz.

Oude handelsroutes

Europeans wanted exotic products from China or India.

For their safety, the traders traveled in large groups, a caravan. 

As a result, the products became 'peperduur'

From the 15th century it was less possible to trade via the Mediterranean Sea. So they searched for alternative trade routes.

Uit: 'Il Milione' is een reisverslag uit de 13e eeuw, oorspronkelijk geschreven in 1298 door Rustichello van Pisa aan de hand van de verhalen van de Venetiaanse wereldreiziger Marco Polo

Spain after Portugal

1492: Spain sends Columbus to find a route to Asia.

Columbus

After the discovery of America by Columbus,

Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

Result: Spaniards mainly focused on America

The Portuguese mainly focused on Africa and Asia.

Tordesillas treaty 

Dutch discoveries: 

the Northern Route 

After Portugal fell into the hands of Spain (and thus also became an enemy of the Netherlands), the Dutch were barred from Spanish and Portuguese ports.

In 1594 the Dutch tried to find their own route, via the north.

This failed after a stranding on the island of Nova Zembla.

film tip: 'nova zembla'

Dutch discoveries:

the Southern Route 

in 1594 the Dutchman Cornelis de Houtman was sent out with crew to find the way to East Asia.

2 years later they reached Bantam, a Portuguese trading post in Java, Indonesia.

Soon more ships left for the East.

Het Kenmerkend Aspect

De Europese expansie begon met de Portugese en Spaanse ontdekkingsreizen.

Het begin van de overzeese Europese expansie is een kenmerkend aspect van de tijd van ontdekkers en hervormers.

Europese expansie: uitbreiding van activiteiten van Europeanen buiten Europa vanaf omstreeks 1500.

Why didnt the Portuguese use the land route to buy merchandise in the Indies?

1. The landroute was unknown to them
2. The landroute was long and dangerous, no profits were made
3. The landroute was blocked by enemies .

Why were the maps of the cartographysts a State Secret?

1. Other countries could profit from this knowledge
2. Their lives would be in danger because of enemy attacks at sea
3. The maps would be used without payment.

Drag the flags to the correct destination 

Netherlands 

Spain

Portugal

to work with you! 

Trading Cards assignment on SOM

Individually in silence 

whispering with neighbor(ette) 

You may work in groups/pairs