Modal auxiliaries

Modal auxiliary verbs
Modal auxiliary verbs are
auxiliary verbs that are used to show a(n):

 ability, certainty, possibility, probability or obligation (=necessity). 

Unlike most verbs, there is only one form of these verbs.
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Slide 1: Diapositive
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Modal auxiliary verbs
Modal auxiliary verbs are
auxiliary verbs that are used to show a(n):

 ability, certainty, possibility, probability or obligation (=necessity). 

Unlike most verbs, there is only one form of these verbs.

Slide 1 - Diapositive

Write down some modal auxiliary verbs!

Slide 2 - Carte mentale

Slide 3 - Diapositive

Must (expressing obligation)
Only 1 form: Must (e.g. no past tense, no perfect tense);
Use:
a)  When something is obliged (personally or from a source outside) or not allowed:

( My mother told me that ) I must wear sunscreen or I will get a sunburn. (personal obligation and an obligation from a source outside)
You must not park your bike in front of the school. (it is forbidden)

Slide 4 - Diapositive

Must
b) to make deductions (= conclusies) when we are more or less certain about something:

You must be very tired, you worked so hard. (conclusie)
I must have left my notebook at home. (I do not know for sure)

Slide 5 - Diapositive

Must vs Have to 

Must does not have a past or a perfect form so,
 If you need a past or a perfect form you use
Have to:  which can be used in all tenses:
Have to
has to  
had to
have had to

Slide 6 - Diapositive

Must vs have to
Use: 
a)  An obligation made by someone else
You have to turn left here. 
You have to do your homework.
b) In the past:
I had to wear sunscreen last summer.
I had to park my bike at the back of the school.

Slide 7 - Diapositive

must not vs do not have to
Must not: something is not allowed:
You must not leave your bag near the staircase in the hall.

Do not have to: something is not necessary:
You do not have to do your homework for tomorrow.

Slide 8 - Diapositive

Should
a. expresses an obligation:  
You should work hard for your test. (zou moeten)
b. gives a recommendation: 
You should stop eating fast food. (zou eigenlijk moeten)
c. gives an opinion: 
Parents should not let their children play aggressive games. 
(zouden eigenlijk niet moeten)

 

Slide 9 - Diapositive

Shall (present tense of should)
Use:
1. to make a suggestion:
    Shall we dance? Shall I go now?
2. for obligation in very formal situations:
    You shall obey the rules. Students shall not enter here.
    There shall be no food and drink on the premises.

Slide 10 - Diapositive

and now for the really fun part......

Slide 11 - Diapositive

We ................ leave now or we will be late for class.
A
would
B
should
C
will
D
might

Slide 12 - Quiz

................. we meet tomorrow morning and cycle to school together?

A
Shall
B
Would
C
Should
D
Must

Slide 13 - Quiz

I .............. like a cup of tea, please.

A
will
B
would
C
should
D
have to

Slide 14 - Quiz

I ................ probably spend the holidays with my family next summer.

A
should
B
will
C
would
D
have to

Slide 15 - Quiz

You do not ...... be quiet in that teacher's class. He is deaf.
A
must
B
will
C
have to
D
would

Slide 16 - Quiz

Sarah is such a talented singer. She ................ practise a lot.

A
must
B
may
C
can
D
would

Slide 17 - Quiz

The teacher says the pupils ............. take the test on Friday the 23rd.

A
will
B
should
C
must
D
have to

Slide 18 - Quiz

So, do you undersstand what the modal auxiliaries are all about?
A
Yes
B
No

Slide 19 - Quiz

If your answer was NO ask your teacher for some extra help, explanations and exercises!

Slide 20 - Diapositive