Levélírás

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Hogyan írjunk jó levelet és fogalmazást? (kötőszavak)

Tapasztalataim szerint a közép- és felsőfokú nyelvvizsgára készülők és érettségizők legnagyobb rémálma az íráskészséget mérő feladat, azaz a levélírás vagy a fogalmazás. A vizsgák ezen része kívánja meg a legnagyobb odafigyelést és kreativitást, így sokaknak nagy erőfeszítésébe telik, hogy egyáltalán nekifogjon ezeknek a feladatoknak. Itt ugye az lenne a cél, hogy tartalmilag értelmes, összefüggő és nyelvtanilag helyes szöveget alkossunk. Nem állítom, hogy ez könnyű feladat, de a sok gyakorlás meghozza a gyümölcsét. Minél többet fogunk neki az ilyen típusú feladatoknak, annál gördülékenyebben fog menni az írás. 

To make contrasting points (ellentétek kifejezése):

although - habár

yet - azonban

however - azonban

nevertheless - azonban

in spite of (+ főnév / doing) - annak ellenére

but - de (ha egy mód van rá, ezt mellőzzük, mert nagyon basic) 

while - míg

despite (+ főnév / ige+ing) - annak ellenére

even if - még akkor is ha

even though - annak ellenére

at the same time - azonban, ugyanakkor

although - habár

yet - azonban

however - azonban

nevertheless - azonban

but - de

Although Carol was rather inexperienced, she decided to apply for the position.= Carol was rather inexperienced, but she decided to apply for the position.= Carol was rather inexperienced; yet, she decided to apply for the position.= Carol was rather inexperienced; however, she decided to apply for the position.= Carol was rather inexperienced; nevertheless, she decided to apply for the position.

 

While Sam's very good at languages, his brother is absolutely hopeless.=

Sam's very good at languages, at the same time his brother is absolutely hopeless.

Despite being very hard-working and punctual, he couldn't finish his essay in time.

In spite of being very hard-working and punctual, he couldn't finish his essay in time.

Even though Dylan was one of the professor's favourite students, he failed the exam.

I'll get there, even if I have to walk.

2. To list points (felsorolás):

firstly - először

in the first place - elsősorban

first of all - először

to start with - elsőként

secondly - másodjára

thirdly - harmadjára

finally - végül

Firstly / In the first place / First of all / To start with, I am going to define what guerilla marketing actually means.

Secondly, I would like to show the importance of human psychology regarding guerilla marketing.

Finally, I intend to give specific examples of this marketing strategy.

3. To add more points on a topic (további pontok hozzáadása):

what is more - továbbá

furthermore - továbbá

moreover - továbbá

also - is

too - is

apart from this - ezen kívül, ettől eltekintve

in addition (to) - ráadásul, ezen kívül

besides - ezenkívül, ezenfelül

not to mention the fact - arról nem is beszélve

Bruce Springsteen is an excellent songwriter; what is more, he is very good at playing the guitar.=

Bruce Springsteen is an excellent songwriter; furthermore, he is very good at playing the guitar.=

Bruce Springsteen is an excellent songwriter; moreover, he is very good at playing the guitar.

They also have an enormous house in the countryside.=

They have an enormous house in the countryside, too.

4. To list advantages /disadvantages (előnyök és hátrányok felsorolása):

one / another / one other / a further advantage / disadvantage - az egyik / egy másik / további előnye / hátránya

the main / the first / the greatest advantage / disadvantage - a fő / az első / a legnagyobb előnye / hátránya

One advantage of living in the country is the fresh air.

Another disadvantage of this area is the lack of public transport.

A further advantage of knowing foreign languages is the ability to communicate easily when you are abroad.

The main advantage of working with Tim is that you can rely on him in every situation.

The greatest disadvantage of going to big supermarkets is that shopping takes a lot of time.

Her job involves dealing with clients. Apart from this, she is responsible for responding to customer complaints.= Her job involves dealing with clients. In addition, she is responsible for responding to customer complaints.= Her job involves dealing with clients. Besides, she is responsible for responding to customer complaints.= Her job involves dealing with clients. Not to mention the fact, she is responsible for responding to customer complaints.

5. To express personal opinion (vélekedés):

in my opinion / view - véleményem szerint

to my mind / way of thinking - véleményem szerint

personally I believe - személy szerint úgy gondolom

it strikes me that - az a benyomásom

I feel very strongly that - nagyon úgy érzem, hogy

I am inclined to believe that - hajlamos vagyok azt hinni, hogy

it seems to me that - úgy tűnik, hogy

as far as I am concerned - ami engem illet

In my opinion, his performance was magnificent.

To my mind, this strategy isn't really working.

Personally I believe that taking risks has both advantages and disadvantages.

It strikes me that he is not really enthusiastic about his new girlfriend.

I feel very strongly that applying for this job is a great opportunity for you.

I am inclined to believe that learning Chinese is useful but extremely difficult.

It seem to me that it is not worth contacting again that client of yours.

As far as I am concerned, you need to put more emphasis on the importance of teamwork.

6. To refer to other sources (hivatkozás):

according to - vmi vagy vki szerint

with reference to - vmivel kapcsolatban

According to sociologists, the number of single-parent families has increased significantly.

With reference to your letter of January 5, I am sending you another catalogue of our products.

7. To conclude (összegzés):

finally /lastly - végül

above all - mindenekelőtt, legfőképp

all in all - összességében

taking everything into account - mindent figyelembe véve

on the whole - összességében véve

all things considered - mindent figyelembe véve

in conclusion - összességében

as I have said - ahogy említettem

as was previously stated - ahogy korábban is elhangzott

to sum up - összességében

Finally / Lastly, he decided to give up his profession for good.

Above all / All in all, I would like to highlight the importance of this technique.

Taking everything into account / All things considered, her influence cannot be ignored.

On the whole / In conclusion / To sum up, I am convinced that I am the most suitable candidate for this position.

As I have said / As was previously stated, we are willing to give a financial support regarding your new project.

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