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Hogyan írjunk jó levelet és fogalmazást? (kötőszavak)

Tapasztalataim szerint a közép- és felsőfokú nyelvvizsgára készülők legnagyobb rémálma az íráskészséget mérő feladat, azaz a levélírás vagy a fogalmazás. A vizsgák ezen része kívánja meg a legnagyobb odafigyelést és kreativitást, így sokaknak nagy erőfeszítésébe telik, hogy egyáltalán nekifogjon ezeknek a feladatoknak. Itt ugye az lenne a cél, hogy tartalmilag értelmes, összefüggő és nyelvtanilag helyes szöveget alkossunk. Nem állítom, hogy ez könnyű feladat, de a sok gyakorlás meghozza a gyümölcsét. Minél többet fogunk neki az ilyen típusú feladatoknak, annál gördülékenyebben fog menni az írás. 

To make contrasting points (ellentétek kifejezése):

although - habár

yet - azonban

however - azonban

nevertheless - azonban

in spite of (+ főnév / doing) - annak ellenére

but - de (ha egy mód van rá, ezt mellőzzük, mert nagyon basic) 

while - míg

despite (+ főnév / ige+ing) - annak ellenére

even if - még akkor is ha

even though - annak ellenére

at the same time - azonban, ugyanakkor

although - habár

yet - azonban

however - azonban

nevertheless - azonban

but - de

Although Carol was rather inexperienced, she decided to apply for the position.= Carol was rather inexperienced, but she decided to apply for the position.= Carol was rather inexperienced; yet, she decided to apply for the position.= Carol was rather inexperienced; however, she decided to apply for the position.= Carol was rather inexperienced; nevertheless, she decided to apply for the position.

 

While Sam's very good at languages, his brother is absolutely hopeless.=

Sam's very good at languages, at the same time his brother is absolutely hopeless.

Despite being very hard-working and punctual, he couldn't finish his essay in time.

In spite of being very hard-working and punctual, he couldn't finish his essay in time.

Even though Dylan was one of the professor's favourite students, he failed the exam.

I'll get there, even if I have to walk.

2. To list points (felsorolás):

firstly - először

in the first place - elsősorban

first of all - először

to start with - elsőként

secondly - másodjára

thirdly - harmadjára

finally - végül

Firstly / In the first place / First of all / To start with, I am going to define what guerilla marketing actually means.

Secondly, I would like to show the importance of human psychology regarding guerilla marketing.

Finally, I intend to give specific examples of this marketing strategy.

3. To add more points on a topic (további pontok hozzáadása):

what is more - továbbá

furthermore - továbbá

moreover - továbbá

also - is

too - is

apart from this - ezen kívül, ettől eltekintve

in addition (to) - ráadásul, ezen kívül

besides - ezenkívül, ezenfelül

not to mention the fact - arról nem is beszélve

Bruce Springsteen is an excellent songwriter; what is more, he is very good at playing the guitar.=

Bruce Springsteen is an excellent songwriter; furthermore, he is very good at playing the guitar.=

Bruce Springsteen is an excellent songwriter; moreover, he is very good at playing the guitar.

They also have an enormous house in the countryside.=

They have an enormous house in the countryside, too.

Her job involves dealing with clients. Apart from this, she is responsible for responding to customer complaints.= Her job involves dealing with clients. In addition, she is responsible for responding to customer complaints.= Her job involves dealing with clients. Besides, she is responsible for responding to customer complaints.= Her job involves dealing with clients. Not to mention the fact, she is responsible for responding to customer complaints.

Homework

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