modals and negations

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Welcome to today's English lesson!

By the end of this lesson, you...

... have refreshed your memories on modals: can, to be able to, could, must, to have to and should. 

...have learnt new modals: ought to, might, may.

...know how to make these modals' negative form.

You _______ take an umbrella. It might rain.

1. can
2. could
3. should
4. have to

Horses __________ run for hours.

1. can
2. are able to
3. should
4. have to

Ask your boss: "________ I take a day off?"

1. can
2. could
3. should
4. have to

_______ I take a look at your notes?

1. can
2. must
3. should
4. have to

I _________ do more homework. I finished it in class.

1. cannot
2. can't
3. Shouldn't
4. don't have to

Wait a minute. I __________ go to the toilet.

1. can
2. could
3. should
4. have to

I ________ take more time to relax. I am too stressed!

1. mustn't
2. have to
3. must
4. shouldn't

CAN/ TO BE ABLE TO

1.Om aan te geven of iets mogelijk is. 

You can/ are able to read a book in a week.

2.Om te zeggen wat mensen/ dieren/dingen kunnen. 

Fish can/ are able to breathe under water.

3.Om om toestemming te vragen.

Can I ask you a question?

COULD

1. Om te zeggen wat mensen/ dieren/ dingen konden in het verleden. 

I couldn't stay out when I was young.

2. Om te praten over toestemming in het verleden.

Could you watch scary movies as a child?

3. Om over mogelijkheden in de toekomst te praten of iets netjes te vragen

We could go to the movie on Sunday.

MUST

1.Om te zeggen dat iets niet anders kan en/of vanuit eigen belang.

I must submit the assignment before I leave.

I must see my nan more often. I miss her. 

MUSTN'T

1. Om te zeggen dat iets niet zou moeten. 

You mustn't run at the train platform. It's dangerous. 

SHOULD

1.Om advies te geven.

You should take a sweater with you. It might get cold.

HAVE TO

1. Om te praten over verplichtingen vanuit externe bron.

I have to do the dishes, because my mom told me so.

DON'T HAVE TO

1. Om aan te geven dat er geen verplichting is.

You don't have to  worry about me. I will be fine. 

Modals

I ought to leave home earlier. I am always late for school!

We ought to dress up nicely for the wedding. 

I might need to redo that test. It went terribly. 

Elin may take the train home, but she will let me know for sure. 

Modals (ought to)

I ought to leave home earlier. I am always late for school!

We ought to dress up nicely for the wedding 

Wanneer gebruik je ought to?

Modals (ought to)

I ought to dress up nicely for the wedding!

We should see each other more often to stay in contact. 

Wanneer gebruik je ought to?

Je gebruikt ought to om te praten over dingen die idealiter of gewenst zijn of om advies te geven. 'Should' is subjectiever. 

Modals

I might need to redo that test. It went terribly. 

Might I think about it for a minute?

You may leave the classroom now.

Wanneer gebruik je might of may?

Modals

1. I might need to redo that test. It went terribly. 

2. Might I think about it for a minute?

3. You may leave the classroom now.

Wanneer gebruik je might of may?

Je gebruikt "may" en "might" wanneer je (1) onzeker bent over iets en (2) om toestemming te vragen of (3) te geven.

Negative forms

Can / could Should/ Must/ may/ might/	+ n't/ not (cannot, couldn't, mustn't, may/ might not)
to be able to/ have to/ ought not	to be + not + able to do/ does + not + have to Ought + not + to

Ought not to is uncommon. Use 'shouldn't' instead.

You ought not to be late = you shouldn't be late. 

Over to you...

Go to stepping stones (leermiddelen)

Ch4 --> part E exercises 28, 29, 30