L2 + 3: the skeleton and joints

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Unit 4:

Support and locomotion 

How many bones does the human skeleton have?

1. 406
2. 206
3. 270
4. 311

During this unit:

We are going to look at the skeleton:

- function and types

- bones, joints and muscles

- comparing skeletons of different animals

Why do we have a
skeleton?
=

4 functions of the skeleton

1. Support: keeps the body up and keeps organs in place
2. Movement: by using muscles
3. Protection: keeps soft inner organs safe
4. Production of blood cells

Types of skeletons

Something to remember

Endo = Within / Inside

Exo = External / outside

Hydro= Water

What kind of skeleton does a snake have?

1. Endoskeleton
2. Exoskeleton
3. Hydrostatic skeleton
4. Just its skin

What kind of skeleton does a jellyfish have?

1. Endoskeleton
2. Exoskeleton
3. Hydrostatic skeleton
4. Just its skin

What kind of skeleton does this golden jewel beetle have?

1. Endoskeleton
2. Exoskeleton
3. Hydrostatic skeleton
4. Just its skin

All skeletons have their own weight. What is the correct order from heavy to light?

1. exo - hydro - endo
2. exo - endo - hydro
3. endo - exo - hydro
4. hydro - endo - exo

What is the main function of your skull?

1. protection
2. movement
3. support
4. blood cell production

The structure of the human skeleton

Planning

- Demo bones (collagen & calcium phosphate)

- Repeat BS 2 The structure of bones

- Get to work (assignments 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7)

What makes bone flexible?

1. collagen
2. calcium
3. cartilage

What substance makes bone strong?

1. collagen
2. calcium phosphate
3. cartilage

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON:

• SUPPORT
• MOVEMENT
• PROTECTION
• BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION

comparing skeletons

The skeleton can tell us something about 

-where an animal lives

- what it eats

- what it looked like in the past

Protection

Sommige delen van het lichaam bieden bescherming. 

Welke delen denk jij?

Schedel: klopt! 

De schedel beschermt de hersenen 

tegen botsingen, als een helm. 

Nekwervels: klopt!

Ze beschermen de zenuwen van en naar de hersenen.

Borstkas: klopt!

Dit beschermt de zachte en weke ingewanden zoals het hart, de darmen en de longen. Anders zou alles uit je lichaam zakken! Jakkes! 

Botten: nee

Dit geeft stevigheid aan het lichaam. de speieren zitten aan de botten vast, en zo kunnen de botten bewegen. 

(Hoef)nagels: klopt!

De nagels beschermen de poten tegen beschadiging en verwonding. 

Bij sommige dieren zijn de nagels zelfs een wapen! 

Get to work

Unit 4 basic 2 the structure of bones 

Som -> leermidd. -> biology for you -> 1 Havo/vwo TTO ed. MAX

Assignments 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7

Next lesson? BS 3 joints (gewrichten)

The human skeleton and joints

bs 3 joints

• necessary for movement
• located at places where bones meet

Sutures 
(=naadverbinding)

• Baby's skull are not yet fused
• Fontanel: space between skull bones
• Schedelbeenderen groeien aan elkaar: sutures
• Fontanelles close up after about 18 months

Baby's worden geboren met losse schedelbeenderen. De ruimte tussen de schedelbeenderen heten fontanellen.

Immobile   --    Mobile

Connection between seperate bones

1. Fused vertebrae

2. Sutures

3. Cartilage

4. Joints

Hinge joint

Moves in one direction

ball and socket joint

gliding joint

pivot joint

rotating movement in one direction

fixed joint

Hinge joint

gliding joint

pivot joint

ball and socket joint

(home)work

Read basics 4 joints

Make exercise 13, 14 en 15