3H2 (3H) #6 chp 1 - gerunds and infinitives + listening

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Today's goals

- I can use gerunds and infinitives correctly.

- I can follow changes of subject in a formal discussion about things I know a lot about.

At the end of class:

Agenda

- Lesson goals (2 mins)

- Gerunds and infinitives

- Listening

-Check goals achieved

Gerunds

Gerund is a verb form (has the form of a verb) that functions as a noun -ing form.

Is the -ing word a gerund or present participle?

1. • I enjoy playing the piano. 
2. • Eating this cake is easy. 
3. • John owns a dancing bear. 
4. • Mary goes to dancing classes. 
5. • My neighbour is a walking disaster. 
6. • My grandfather has a walking stick. 
7. • I was struck by the force of the turning wheel. 
8. • I guess we have reached a turning point. 

Gerund is a verb form (has the form of a verb) that functions as a noun -ing form.

Is the -ing word a gerund or present participle?

1. • I enjoy playing the piano. (gerund)
2. • Eating this cake is easy. (gerund)
   
3. • John owns a dancing bear. (present participle)
   
4. • Mary goes to dancing classes. (gerund)
   
5. • My neighbour is a walking disaster. (present participle)
   
6. • My grandfather has a walking stick. (gerund)
   
7. • I was struck by the force of the turning wheel. (present participle)
   
8. • I guess we have reached a turning point. (gerund)
   

Gerund

Je gebruikt de '-ing vorm' als een soort zelfstandig naamwoord:

 1. Als het onderwerp van de zin.

Example: Biking in the mall is forbidden. 

2. Na voorzetsels. (kastwoorden)
Example: She's fond of cycling.

3. Na werkwoorden die zeggen hoe je iets vindt. (like, love, hate, enjoy, etc.)

Example: I love going to the movies. 

Thanks for inviting me to the party!

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Voorzetsels

Smoking is forbidden in this school.

1. Onderwerp
2. Werkwoorden (die zeggen hoe je iets vindt)
3. Voorzetsels

Gerund

Je gebruikt de '-ing vorm' ook als een soort zelfstandig naamwoord:

1. Na werkwoorden die 'begin', 'einde', of 'doorgaan' aangeven. (start, begin, finish, go on, etc.)

Example: Everybody had finished writing. 

2. Na een aantal andere werkwoorden. (delay, postpone, put off, imagine, consider, avoid, etc) 

Example: I put off learning vocabulary for a whole week.

3. Na een aantal uitdrukkingen. (it's no good, it's no use, it's worth, can't help, to be busy, etc)

Example: She can't help singing all day long. 

It's worth trying to sell it.

1. Werkwoorden (begin, einde, doorgaan)
2. Uitdrukkingen
3. Andere werkwoorden

Everybody had finished speaking.

1. Werkwoorden (begin, einde, doorgaan)
2. Uitdrukkingen
3. Andere werkwoorden

Uitzondering

Na onderstaande werkwoorden kan je ook het hele werkwoord met 'to' gebruiken.

1. Start
   
2. Begin
3. Continue 
4. Like
5. Love
6. Hate
7. Prefer

Bijvoorbeeld: I hate getting up early / I hate to get up early. (de betekenis is hetzelfde)

That make-up product isn't worth ... (buy)

I love ... (go) out to restaurants.

When do we use gerunds?

We use gerunds (verb + ing):   

- After certain verbs (love, hate, enjoy, like)

- I enjoy singing

- After prepositions (after, before) 

- I drank a cup of coffee before leaving

- As the subject or object of a sentence 

- Swimming is good exercise

Infinitive (with "to")

Infinitive (with “to”)

to infinitive = accompanied by the particle to (I’d like to walk, to run, to speak, to go).   We use 'to' + infinitive:

- After certain verbs 

- We decided to leave

- After many adjectives 

- It's difficult to get up early 

- I came to London to study English

Bare Infinitive (without “to”)

bare infinitive = the form without the particle to; used with auxiliary verbs

we can do, will go, should speak

We use the bare infinitive (the infinitive without 'to'):

- After modal verbs - I can meet you at six o'clock

- After 'let', 'make' and (sometimes) 'help' - The teacher let us leave early

- After some verbs of perception (see, watch, hear, notice, feel, sense) - I watched her walk away

- After expressions with 'why' - why go out the night before an exam?

In class work - answer check

and listening

Complete ex. 29 & 30 on p. 56-57 (gerunds and to + infinitive) - Then let's check your answers 

Now we are going to listen to an audio fragment. But first, please answer ex. 35 on p. 60 

After listening - complete ex. 36 and 38 on p. 60-61

If not finished in class, this is homework

Goals achieved?

- I can use gerunds and infinitives correctly.

- I can follow changes of subject in a formal discussion about things I know a lot about.

At the end of class:

If not finished complete as homework

ex. 29 & 30 on p. 56-57 (gerunds and to + infinitive)

ex. 36 and 38 on p. 60-61