6.3 Living together

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Unit 6: Ecology

§6.1 Organisms & their environment

Ecology

The study about organisms and their relationship with environmental factors

Carbon cycle

CO2 is used by producers for photosynthesis

Glucose is then used to make more energy-rich substances

Energy-rich substances consumed by consumers and reducers

Unit 6: Ecology

§3 Living together

What is the central molecule in the carbon-cycle?

1. Glucose
2. Methane
3. CO2
4. Carbonic Acid

What are the 3 categories of organisms in a food web? Answer like this:
p.., c.., r..

Scavengers are reducers

1. True
2. False

Give the formula of photosynthesis? Use words of moleculeformulas.

6.3 Living together

- Equilibriums

- Competition

- Co-operation

What is the correct term for a group of organisms of the same species living together?

Population size

Is determined by biotic and abiotic factors

If factors change, population size changes

Most populations fluctuate from year to year around an equilibrium value. =  biological equilibrium

Which abiotic factors could have an impact on population size?

In groups of animals, there is cooperation and competition

Competition

Can be about:

food/water

territory

hierarchy

sunlight

Cooperation

Can be within one species

or between two species

Symbiosis

When 2 different species live together and cooperate

SYMBIOSIS

A special relationship 

when two organisms 

from different species 

live together. 

For example: nemo is a (clown) fish and lives together with an anemone which is a cnidarian. 

Mutualism

Both organisms benefit from each other

Commensalism

One organism benefits, the other organism doesn't benefit (but is not disadvantaged)

Parasitism

One organism benefits, the other is disadvantaged

The organism that is parasitized is the host

Example:

Zombie-ant fungus

Ophiocordiceps unilateralis

<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c1/25/a0/c125a0828d8f794f84dc4affb9702797.jpg" alt="symbiosis types | Biología, Zoología, Actividades"/>

LESSON 5: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

SYMBIOSIS

long term cooperation between two different species

Mutualism: +/+

Commensalism: +/0

Parasitism: +/-

Make §6.3

Assignment 1, 2, 3, 5, 8

Unit 6: Ecology

§4 Nature management

Which 3 types of symbiosis are there?

In mutualism, both organisms benefit from each other

1. True
2. False

A population in equilibrium doesn't change in size until the threshold value changes

1. True
2. False

This lesson

Use of our environment

Dangers to our environment

How do we use nature?

Food

Water

Raw materials

Energy

Oxygen

Recreation

Food

(Agriculture)

Water

(Water treatment facility)

Energy

Raw materials

(Lignite)

Recreation

Cultural landscape

(Limburg)

Cultural landscape

(Flevopolder)

The Netherlands

Self-made country

Nature is organized by humans

Protected by dikes/dams

Dangers

Human activity endangers wildlife through:

- Pollution

- Fisheries

- Land use

Biodiversity decreases worldwide

Some species already went extinct

Make §6.4

Assignment 1, 2, 5, 6, 8

Unit 6: Ecology

§7 The energy flow in an ecosystem

This lesson

Feeding mechanisms

Energy flow

Feeding mechanisms

Producers

- Do photosynthesis

- Make their own food

Autotrophic

Feeding mechanisms

Consumers/reducers

- Eat organic substances

- Cannot make glucose

- Only build it into more complex molecules

Heterotrophic

Energy flow

Describes a food chain a bit differently

Shows

- Trophic levels

- Energy that is used by autotrophs

- Energy that flows away from all levels in a food chain

Where does energy come from?

Sources of energy:

- Sunlight (autotrophs)

- Glucose (or other organic substances)

Energy is used as currency to build complex molecules ór to sustain an organism (and is then lost as heat).

Make §6.7

1 - 5

*2a heterotrophs = autotrophs