5.2 Colonialsim: the Dutch East Indies

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 3

Chapter 5

Colonialism: The Dutch Indies (part 2)

At the end of this lesson...

• You will be able to explain how nationalism emerged in the Dutch East Indies. 
  

Last lesson

Entrepreneurs in the Dutch East Indies

• More and more European entrepreneurs are moving to the Indies.

• Not only in Java and Sumatra, but also in the Outer Regions (Buitengewesten)

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Dutch Imperialism

• Dutch version of modern imperialism

• Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger (KNIL) protects plantation owners.

• Starts with hard retaliations after attack on KNIL (1894: Lombok)

Ethical policy

• Originated around 1900 in the Netherlands

• The Netherlands wants to give something back to the Indonesian population (Debt of Honor)

• Teaching civilization and culture

The ethical policy consisted of:

• Improving education in the Dutch East Indies

• Install irrigation for better harvests

• Promote emigration from densely populated to sparsely populated areas

• Improving healthcare

The consequences of better education

• Some Indonesians went to study in the Netherlands;

• ..and learn about freedom and democracy there

• Result: emergence of nationalism in the Dutch East Indies

Note: Nationalism also arises in other colonies

How does the Netherlands deal with the rising nationalism?

• Moderate nationalists allowed to participate in the Volksraad (1918)

• No independence for the time being (“Will take a few hundred years.”)

• The Volksraad is not a big deal: can only give advice to the government

Disappointment among Indonesian nationalists

• The Volksraad has little influence

• Young people usually don't get the good job they had studied for.

• Everything shows: no independence for the time being, the Dutch like it in the Indies.

Consequeces

• Radicalisation: no more cooperation with the Dutch

• (Armed) struggle for independence (ex. uprising)

• Partai Kommunis Indonesia (PKI)

• Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI)

Reaction Netherlands

• Parties are banned: PKI (1927), PNI (1931)

• Leaders are jailed: Sukarno and Hatta (PNI)

• Only moderate groups were allowed

Homework 

Exercise 6, 7 and 8