Past perfect

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• mavo
• Leerjaar 4

Past perfect

HLZ: H3C

Ms Weeder

Goal

At the end of this lesson, apply the past perfect in English.

Assignment

Form an English sentence with two events that follow each other.

After I had finished my homework, I went out to dinner.

Past perfect

had + past participle

What is the past participle?
- 3rd row (irregular verbs)
- verb + ed (regular verb)

Examples

When I arrived at the party, Tim had already left.

had left
Past participle of leave > left.

Use past perfect

With the past simple in one sentence.

One event happened before another.

The past perfect indicates the first event in the past.

When I arrived at the party, Tim had already left.

Examples

Sarah had just got home when I phoned her.

Which event happened first?

I had been an intern for six months.

Past perfect can also exist in a sentence on its own.

Signal words

You can often recognise the past perfect in sentences with the following words:

after
before
when
as soon as

Examples

As soon as I had heard the news, I left my house.
After I had eaten breakfast, I was still hungry.

After these words, one uses the past perfect...

but there are exceptions...

Before I worked at the supermarket, I had already gained experience. 

Indirect speech

Indirect speech = repeating what someone else said, you can also use the past perfect.

Alex said that she hadn't read the book.
NL: Alex zei dat zij het boek niet had gelezen.

I ____ (work) at the restaurant for a year when I ____ (quit) my job.

She ____ (to be) exhausted after she ____ (work out) for four hours.

Stepping Stones

E. Writing & grammar: ex. 27-30 (p.102-105)

• Past Perfect [had + v(ed)/irr. v]
  
• Prepositions of time and place (+ extra practice)
• Bonus! Irregular verbs