2TTO Ch5.7

Paragraph 5.7: Childbirth
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Paragraph 5.7: Childbirth

Slide 1 - Diapositive

Lesson goals
  • I can explain the different stages of childbirth
  • I can name several problems that can make childbirth difficult, and what measures are used to solve them

Slide 2 - Diapositive

Recap.. How did pregnancy work again?

Slide 3 - Diapositive

From how many weeks to we call the baby a foetus? Explain why

Slide 4 - Question ouverte

To who does the placenta belong? The mother or the baby?

Slide 5 - Question ouverte

Explain how the placenta helps in delivering oxygen and nutrients to the baby

Slide 6 - Question ouverte

Recap Pregnancy
As visible in the image,
there are fetal veins and 
arteries as well as maternal
veins and arteries. These
come together in the placenta,
and will exchange nutrients 
and gases

Slide 7 - Diapositive

Recap Pregnancy
This image gives another view on how 
the foetus is positioned in the abdomen
 (belly). This is near the end of the 
pregnancy. Give 2 reasons how you 
can see that it's at the end of the 
pregnancy! (next slide)

Slide 8 - Diapositive

2 reasons

Slide 9 - Question ouverte

And then.. Childbirth
Childbirth, or labour, involves the birth of the baby (obviously).
Think for yourself: what do you expect to come out during childbirth? Note that in the next slide

Slide 10 - Diapositive

What comes out during childbirth?

Slide 11 - Question ouverte

Childbirth
  • Birth of the baby
  • Birth of the placenta (this includes the membranes     that held the baby, placenta and the water during the pregnancy).

Actual picture coming up on the next slide, be prepared ;)


Membranes = vliezen. We also call this the amniotic sac. This surrounds the foetus and placenta inside of the uterus. Think of it like a big balloon keeping all the water in.

Slide 12 - Diapositive

Childbirth
  • Birth of the baby
  • Birth of the placenta (this includes the membranes     that held the baby, placenta and the water during the pregnancy).




Membranes = vliezen, these surround the foetus and placenta inside of the uterus. Think of them like a big balloon.

Slide 13 - Diapositive

Childbirth
Next slide shows a video of a baby that has been born still inside the amniotic sac. This happens during 1 in 80.000 births!
Notice that because the environment has not changed for the baby, it doesn't realize that it has been born. Also have a look at how the baby is positioned in the sac.

Slide 14 - Diapositive

Childbirth
  • That looked weird, didn't it? 
  • Now realize that you've been in an amniotic sac as well for 9 months
  • Feel claustrophobic yet? ;)

Slide 15 - Diapositive

Childbirth
Childbirth itself can be divided in 
several stages. During these,
the mother will go through 
different amounts of pain. This
starts slowly, but builds up during
the whole birth. Women are allowed
to take pain medication for this!

Slide 16 - Diapositive

Slide 17 - Vidéo

Stage 1: dilation
  • This can take a long time (sometimes more than 24 hours!)
  • The contractions (which are just muscle cramps of the uterus) slowly start, and increase in strenght slowly. Later on they will also increase in frequency, happening more often.
  • The cervix and vagina will widen, slowly making space for the baby 
In Dutch, we call this process 'ontsluiting'

Slide 18 - Diapositive

Stage 2: expulsion
  • When the dilation phase has widened the cervix far enough, the contractions will get very powerful and rapid.
  • This is a sign for the mother to start pushing, and the baby will come out quickly.
  • This stage does not take very long, as soon as the head comes out the rest follows fast.

Slide 19 - Diapositive

Stage 3: afterbirth
  • A little while (minutes) after the expulsion phase, the placenta will be 'born'. We call this the afterbirth.
  • Again, contractions come with this. These are not as bad as the contractions of the baby's birth, of course.

Slide 20 - Diapositive

And then..?
  • When the baby is born, the umbilical cord is cut. This is because now the baby can breathe and eat/drink, so it doesn't need the nutrients via the placenta anymore.
  • The end of the umbilical cord will slowly deteriorate and fall off eventually. This then forms the belly button as we know it.
  • Fun fact: the differences in belly buttons that we have depend on the person who folds it after birth!

Slide 21 - Diapositive

And then..?
  • The uterus wil quickly shrink back to its normal size (no bigger than a hand)
  • However, the belly muscles and skin will take some more time.
  • Due to this, the mother often looks a bit pregnant for a few more weeks.

Slide 22 - Diapositive

Difficult births
  • Normally, the baby is positioned with its head first.
  • However, sometimes the baby is on the wrong side (butt first, feet first, or even completely turned to the side).

Slide 23 - Diapositive

Difficult births
  • Normally, the baby is positioned with its head first.
  • However, sometimes the baby is on the wrong side (butt first, feet first, or even completely turned to the side).
  • Another problem that can occur is that the umbilical cord is wrapped around the baby's throat, legs or arms
  • This could cut off oxygen supply, which is dangerous.

Slide 24 - Diapositive

How to solve that?
  • A caesarian section is the way to solve that (keizersnede)
  • This involves an operation where the surgeon opens up the uterus and takes the baby out.

Slide 25 - Diapositive

That was it! And now?
  • Make sure you have completed your notes
  • Finish exercise 33-39 


Slide 26 - Diapositive