5.3 DNA and genes

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 2

5.3 DNA and genes

DNA

DO YOU REMEMBER?

nucleotides (base of DNA)

4 different bases (nucleotides)

cytosine

guanine

adenine

thymine

double helix (ladder)

information is stored in code

AATCCGGACGAATTCCGGAAAAAATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCGCGCGAATTCATATATATCGGACGGACGAAC etc etc etc it would be a very thick book :-)

GENE: section of DNA with complete code for a protein

proteins

determine almost everything...

one gene = code for one protein

one or several proteins = one characteristic (hereditary trait)

copying

you start with one fertilised egg with 46 chromosomes...

you end up with billions of cells with the same 46 chromosomes => all of them a copy from the original.....

things can go wrong on the way => mutations (5.5)

from DNA code to proteins

three bases....

every 3 basis are code for one amino acid

ACC is code for one type

AAG is code for another

there are 21 different amino acids. when you string them together they form a protein

amino acids -> protein

The molecule
shown in the
picture is called ...

1. DNA
2. single stranded DNA
3. an amino acid
4. a ribosome

This is a picture of ..

1. chromosome
2. gene
3. DNA
4. cell

Below are a few codes with 4 letters.
Which of these codes show a piece ofDNA?

1. ABCDBDCA
2. CAEFEAFC
3. GACTATGC
4. TACDDTAC

What do you call the part of a chromosome that carries the information for 1 heriditary trait?

1. DNA
2. a gene
3. a mother cell
4. an egg cell

Does the information for hereditary traits change when a cell is copied?

1. yes
2. no

this is a picture of ........

1. cell
2. chromosome
3. DNA
4. gene