5.2

5.2 DNA and genes
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5.2 DNA and genes

Slide 1 - Diapositive

DNA

Slide 2 - Diapositive

karyogram from a woman
22 pairs and
1 pair sex chromosomes 

Slide 3 - Diapositive

chromosomes contains
inheridant information on the DNA
In every body cell you have the same information 
a male has 46 chromosomes--> 22 pair and XY
a female has 46 chromosomes--> 22 pair and XX
New cells are made by mitoses (same DNA)

Slide 4 - Diapositive

In every body cell you have the same information
Half of the chromosomes are from dad and half from mom
They make one chromosomepair
with different information on every chromosome

Slide 5 - Diapositive

A gene:
A fraction of the chromosome contains information for 1 inheredental information ( hair colour, eye colour)
The information for this feature can be different from mom and dad) 

Slide 6 - Diapositive

Egg cells / Sperm cells
contain half of the chromosomes from a body cell
Are made by meioses
only in the reproduction organs
DNA is different 

Slide 7 - Diapositive

nucleotides (base of DNA)

Slide 8 - Diapositive

4 different bases (nucleotides)
cytosine
guanine
adenine
thymine

Slide 9 - Diapositive

Slide 10 - Diapositive

double helix (ladder)

Slide 11 - Diapositive

information is stored in code
AATCCGGACGAATTCCGGAAAAAATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCGCGCGAATTCATATATATCGGACGGACGAAC etc etc etc it would be a very thick book :-)

Slide 12 - Diapositive

GENE: section of DNA with complete code for a protein

Slide 13 - Diapositive

proteins
determine almost everything...
one gene = code for one protein
one or several proteins = one characteristic (hereditary trait)

Slide 14 - Diapositive

copying
you start with one fertilised egg with 46 chromosomes...
you end up with billions of cells with the same 46 chromosomes => all of them a copy from the original.....
things can go wrong on the way => mutations (5.5)

Slide 15 - Diapositive

from DNA code to proteins

Slide 16 - Diapositive

The molecule
shown in the
picture is called ...
A
DNA
B
single stranded DNA
C
an amino acid
D
a ribosome

Slide 17 - Quiz

This is a picture of ..
A
chromosome
B
gene
C
DNA
D
cell

Slide 18 - Quiz

Below are a few codes with 4 letters.
Which of these codes show a piece ofDNA?
A
ABCDBDCA
B
CAEFEAFC
C
GACTATGC
D
TACDDTAC

Slide 19 - Quiz

What do you call the part of a chromosome that carries the information for 1 heriditary trait?



A
DNA
B
a gene
C
a mother cell
D
an egg cell

Slide 20 - Quiz

Does the information for hereditary traits change when a cell is copied?

A
yes
B
no

Slide 21 - Quiz

this is a picture of ........
A
cell
B
chromosome
C
DNA
D
gene

Slide 22 - Quiz