All grammar workbook C

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

All grammar workbook C

In this lesson you can find the grammar explanations from workbook C

Past simple and continous

Page 6 in your book

Past Simple

Past simple is used to talk about things that happened in the past and are now finished. 

Signal words: When, last, yesterday, ago, before

Usually you will see a specific time in the past:

I biked to school this morning.

Last week we went to the movies.

We went into lockdown in March 2020.

The form

+ Positive	Hele werkwoord + ed of Irregular verb (tweede vorm)	I worked all day yesterday. I ran to school this morning.
- Negative	did + not + hele werkwoord	I did not enjoy that explanation.
? Questions	Did + onderwerp + hele werkwoord	Did Sarah buy a new diary?

Irregular verbs

Some verbs do not follow the usual rules and have a different form. You will need to learn these by heart.

Past continuous

past simple of to be

I	was
you	were
he	was
she	was
it	was
we	were
you	were
they	were

Past Continuous - form

Subject

+

was/were

 +

verb + ing

Past continuous: Form

Bevestigend: subject + was/were + verb-ing

(onderwerp + was/were +ww-ing)

I was walking

Ontkennend: Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing

I wasn't (was not) walking 

Vragend: Was / were + subject + verb-ing?

Were they walking?

Past continuous: use

We gebruiken de past continuous voor handelingen of gebeurtenissen die in het verleden voor een bepaalde tijd gaande waren.

They were studying yesterday morning

Past Continuous and Past Simple

Past Continuous and Past Simple

Past Continuous = al aan de gang ( lang)

Past Simple = iets gebeurde (kort)

Signal words

The word "when" come before the past simple

The word "while" comes before the past continuous

I was reading a book when the phone rang.

The phone rang while I was reading.

Past simple and present perfect

You can follow along on page 19

Present perfect form

De present perfect maak je met has / have + voltooid deelwoord 

I have seen this movie before.

She has just left the room.

present perfect negative

make have/ has negative => have not / has not    

                                                      haven't / hasn't

• He has eaten in a restaurant.
• He has not eaten in a restaurant.
• He hasn't eaten in a restaurant.

Present Perfect (questions sentence)

Je maakt een vraagzin door Has/has helemaal voor aan te zetten

Have they traveled?

Has she traveled?

FYNE JAS

For

al

I have lived here for 5 years

Yet	Nog /niet	I have not seen that film yet.
Never	nog Nooit	He has never kissed a girl.
Ever	Ooit	Have you ever seen an owl?
Just	Net	You have just missed him.
Always/already	Altijd al / al	I've always wanted to go there. I've already studied for the test.
Since	sinds	I have lived here since 2005.

When do you use the present perfect?

1. When something has started in the past and is still going on.
2. When talking about experiences/events with no specific time.
3. When something that happened in the past has a connection or result in the present.
4.  When something has JUST happened

1. Een actie dat in het verleden is begonnen en nog steeds doorgaat.

Let op! Dit is anders dan in het Nederlands. 

I have lived in the Netherlands for 13 years => Ik ben nog in NL

I lived in the Netherlands for 13 years => Ik woon nu ergens anders

Remember: Past Simple

Past simple is used to talk about things that happened in the past and are now finished. 

Signal words: When, last, yesterday, ago, before

Usually you will see a specific time in the past:

I biked to school this morning.

Last week we went to the movies.

We went into lockdown in March 2020.

2. When talking about experiences/events with no specific time.

Je gebruikt Present Perfect voor dingen die je ooit of nooit heb gedaan, hierbij zeg je niet wanneer het is gebeurt.

I have seen that movie before.

Have you been to Alabama?

3. When something in the past has connections or results in the present

Als je het resultaat van een actie in het heden kan merken, gebruik je de Present Perfect.

I have painted the house. (je kan zien dat het huis geverfd is, het resultaat van wat er gedaan is.)

4. When something has JUST happened

Als iets net gebeurt is gebruik je de Present Perfect.

I have just seen your math teacher in the hallway, she was looking for you.

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

The comma

In your book on page 32

There are many different rules for commas. The best thing you can do is read the explanation in your book for the most comprehensive (uitgebreid) breakdown of these rules.