§3.4: water, often too little - part 1

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

§3.4: water, often too little

Today

• Recap previous lesson



• Explanation §3.4
• Videoclips + questions
• Assignments workbook

 

By nature:

1. River and coastal plains
2. At the foot of a mountain with a rocky surface
3. Melting snow and heavy rainfall 
4. Tropical hurricanes 

By humans:

1. Deforestation 
2. Urbanisation 
3. Areas where the ground is sinking (soil subsidence)
   

Type of areas with a high flood risk

Give two reasons why the number of floods is increasing

What measures against flooding in the
long term can a country take?

Today

• Recap previous lesson



• Explanation §3.4
• Videoclip + questions
• Assignments workbook

Learning goals

• You know that water stress can be caused by physical water shortage and economic water scarcity.
  
• You understand why increasing water stress could lead to a water war.
  

Water stress

Physical water shortage

Economic water scarcity

Water war

Too little water in an area to meet the needs of the people

All the problems that arise as a result of a shortage of clean drinking water

A conflict over water 

When too little has been invested to ge the available water to the people

Vocabulary 

Water stress	Water stress	All the problems that arise as a result of a shortage of clean drinking water
Physical water shortage	Fysiek watertekort	Too little water in an area to meet the needs of the people without disrupting the nature
Economic water scarcity	Economisch watertekort	When too little has been invested to get the available water to the people
Water war	Wateroorlog	A conflict over water
Prosperity	Welvaart

Often too little water

                   Somalia                                                           Aral Sea

In the future

• More water is needed:

     - increase in population

     - increase in prosperity 

     - urbanisation

• Consequences:  
  

      - water stress

      - physical water shortage

      - economic water scarcity 

Water stress

"All the problems that arise as a result of a shortage of clean drinking water"

Two types:

1. Physical water shortage: there is too little water in an area to meet the needs of the people without disrupting the nature

2. Economic water scarcity: too little has been invested to get the available water to the people

Physical water shortage

• Too little useful precipitation
• Waterbalance

Economic water scarcity

• Water in not accessible 
• Example: the absence of water pipes and pumps to bring the water that does exist to the people 

Reducing water shortages: Libya 

Water form the aquifer flows through a pipeline to an area with a physical water shortage

The pipeline will reduce the risk of  water stress 

Water war

"A conflict over water, in dry areas, such as: Africa or China"

What are the main problem?

1. Shortage of clean drinking water

2. Shortage of irrigation water

Learning goals

• You know that water stress can be caused by physical water shortage and economic water scarcity.
  
• You understand why increasing water stress could lead to a water war.
  

Today

• Recap previous lesson



• Explanation §3.4
• Videoclips + questions
• Assignments workbook

Today

• Recap previous lesson



• Explanation §3.4
• Videoclips + questions
• Assignments workbook

01:34

Hebben deze landen last van een fysiek, of een economisch water tekort?

1. Fysiek watertekort
2. Economisch watertekort
3. Beiden

03:27

Leg uit waarom Egypte en Ethiopië in een wateroorlog kunnen belanden

03:52

Leg uit hoe bevolkingsgroei en meer welvaart
kan leiden tot meer waterschaarste,
en uiteindelijk tot een wateroorlog

Start homework

• Read §3.4
• Make assignment 1, 3 and 4 of §3.4

Done?

• Have the assignments checked by your teacher
• Make assignments 2, 5, 6 and 7 of §3.4