Last lesson before the test (chapter 2 and 3)

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Chapter 2 and 3

Last lesson before the test

What questions do you still have?

What do you find difficult?

Important concepts

• Parliament = States General = House of representatives (Tweede Kamer) & the Senate (Eerste Kamer). 
• Cabinet = Ministers + Prime minister + Secretaries of State.
• Government = Ministers + King.
• Council of ministers = all ministers.
• Inaugural address = Speech when a function or title is taken on.

See the previous LessonUp (chapter 2)!

What causes of WW1 do you remember?

Nationalism

Militarism

Economic rivalry

Modern imperialism

Alliances

Which event lit the powder keg?

1. Germany invading Belgium.
2. The murder of Gavrillo Princip.
3. The murder of Franz Ferdinand

Chaos ensues

• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia because they blame them for the death of their crown prince. 
• Russia was an ally of Serbia and they started the mobilization process.
• This upset Austria-Hungary's ally, Germany and they declared war on Russia. 
• France (Russia's ally) was told by Germany to stay neutral. France didn't comply and thus Germany declared war on France. 

Von Schlieffenplan

• Germany was caught between two enemies: France and Russia.
• To prevent a two-front war, the Germans wanted to quickly defeat France so they could defeat Russia afterwards.
• The French border was heavily fortified so the only way to get to France was through Belgium. 

The Schlieffen Plan

General Alfred von Schlieffen

Trench war

• The Schlieffen Plan fails: The German advance fails and they get stuck in northern France and Belgium.
• Trenches are dug on both sides of the front. 

Explain in detail what you remember about life in the trenches.

New weapons

• During World War 1 many new weapons were invented such as mustard gas, air planes, submarines and flame throwers.

• The First World War became the war of the inventors.

New weapons

Isolationism

• During the war the US isolated themselves from the affairs of other nations.         Isolationism
• They weren't fond of Germany          undemocratic and militaristic.
• The US did support the allies by giving them loans and materials, but other than that they didn't get involved. 

What made the U.S. join the war?

1. The sinking of the Lusitania
2. Germany invading Belgium.
3. The Zimmermann Telegram.
4. They joined immediately after Franz Ferdinand's murder.

Russian Revolution (1917)

Peace with Germany       Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

all land to the farmers

all factories to the workers

Mutiny

• The Germans's weapons and food supply was wearing thin.
• The soldiers started a mutiny against their generals. 
• the commanders had no choice but to tell the emperor they had to give up.
• Wilhelm II resigned and fled to the Netherlands.

Armistice of Compiègne

11-11-1918, 11 o'clock

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk hadn't caused the Germans to win the war at the western front. The arrival of the Americans was the deciding factor for Germany.

The new German government signed the Armistice of Compiègne on a train slightly north of Paris.

Treaty of Versailles

28th of june 1919

Exactly 5 years after Franz-Ferdinand was murdered, the war is over. 

What was established in the Treaty of Versailles?

Treaty of Versailles (1)

• Germany has to give up a lot of territory (approximately 10%)

• Germany has to hand over their colonies.

• Germany may not have an army larger that a 100.000 men.

• Germany has to make reperations.

Treaty of Versailles (2)

• Germany is not allowed to have great warrships. 

• Germany may not have an airforce anymore.

• The border between Germany and France will be demilitarised.

What were the effects of the Treaty of Versailles?