H5 - week 49 - grammar

• Engels
• Middelbare school

Today's objectives

• Using nouns (plural and singular form) (ex. p. 27)
  
• Using indefinite (a/an) articles (ex. p. 29)
  
• Using definite article (the)  (p. 31)

Nouns - Plural/singular 

Blue booklet

ex. C - p. 27

Nouns - plural forms - part III

• Nouns - only singular form: 
  

advice, coal, information, property, strength, business, progress, furniture

(It was business as usual.  But: these bits of information, two pieces of furniture; advice = adviezen, one piece of advice = advies)

• Nouns - only  plural form:
  

environs, surroundings, oats, riches, stairs, wages, contents, thanks

(These surroundings are beautiful! Many thanks! These stairs are too steep!)

• Nouns of tools and clothing consisting of equal parts
  

jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, slacks (nice pair of pants for work!), goggles, glasses, scales

(one pair of jeans, one pair or two pairs of scissors, two pairs of swimming trunks)

Grammatical concord nouns

1. The man parks his car./The girl reads a newspaper.
   
2. The men park their cars./The girls read newspapers
   
3. The men park their car./The girls read a newspaper.
   

Difference between nos. 2 and 3?

Group nouns

• army
  
• audience
  
• committee
  
• company
  
• crew
  
• enemy
  
•  family 
  
• flock
  
• gang
  
• government
  
• group
  
• herd
  
• public
  
• regiment
  
• staff
  
• team
  

British English:

Plural ->  when referring to the group as individual members:

The government are always changing their minds.

The crew are arguing about the new lighting plan.

The staff disagree about the new opening times

Singular -> when referred to as a group

The Customer Service staff is unavailable after 6 P.M. (all members/the entire group)

Always plural:

• Police -> The police have caught the thief.
  
• People -> The people have voted for a new President.

https:

Nouns - plural forms - part III

• A lot of and lots of (informal) ->  positive sentences, negative sentences and questions, for both countable or uncountable nouns.

• Much vs. Many ->  negative sentences and questions.

Many ->countable nouns (many CDs, pieces of information)

Much -> uncountable nouns (much milk, much information).

But with the word"times" -> many times (more than a lot of times / lots of times). 

 I've read it many times.Don't worry, I've done this many times.We have stayed at this hotel many times over the years.

Nouns - plural forms - part III

• Little (weinig) -> uncountable nouns (e.g. There's little milk left)
  
• Few (weinig) -> countable nouns (e.g. There are few cows left.)
  

• A little (een beetje) -> uncountable nouns (With a little bit of luck...)
  
• A few (een paar) -> countable nouns (We have a few minutes left.)
  

Indefinite article

Blue booklet

ex. A/B/C - p. 29

Indefinite article (a/an)

Use indefinite article:

•  PROFESSION, RANK, RELIGION ETC. (She's a doctor, He's a feminist, She's a Muslim)
  
• After AS, WITH(OUT) (Don't leave without a jacket)
  
• After THE PROFESSION OF, THE CAREER OF, THE TRADE OF (She's looking into a career as a bookkeeper)
  

Exceptions:

• Don't use a/an for plural nouns (Have you been able to find pants yet? Both sisters wanted to become surgeons)
  
• Don't use for job positions that can only be held by ONE person (She wanted to become President. As captain of the team..)
  

Indefinite article (a/an)

Exclamations:

What a(n) + noun (for a singular noun that also has a plural form) -> What a lovely day! What a great opportunity! What a great book!

No a/an for these exclamations:

-> What delicious wine! (wine-> no plural form) 

-> What great books! Those were amazing opportunities! ( -> plural forms)

But: What a pity! What a shame!

NO "the" (definite article) for...

• abstract nouns (love, life)
  

• plural nouns GENERAL USE (bananas are expensive) N.B.: when referring to SPECIFIC bananas: use "the"
  

• buildings referring to use (I go to school every day. He goes to church on Sunday)
  

• names of meals when referring to time (after breakfast, before lunch, during supper)
  

• names of seasons used in a general sense (Summer is the time for swimming, fun and laughter. But: The summer I remember best is ....
  

• proper names + the name of a building/street/park etc. (Buckingham Palace, Central Park, 10 Downing Street)

• Most / next / last (most people, next Friday, last week)
  

Exercises Definite Article use

Do exercises A/B/C on page 31

Homework next Wednesday

1. Finish exercises Definite article - p. 31
   
2. Read Word order/Adverbs (place/time/how) p. 32/33
   
3. Do exercises A/B/C p. 33/34
   
4. Study vocabulary K/L/M