V4 - grammar modals; continuous tenses; genitive; word order ; prepositions of time and others

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo lwoo, vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Grammar Unit 4 - also study & practice in Of Course

• Mixed tenses: present simple, present continuous, past simple, past continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, indirect speech (backshift one tense), future simple

• Modals (should, have to, don't need to, must + changes in tenses, don't mind, make someone do something etc.)

• Prepositions of time  &  others (voorzetsels) -> study and practice!

• Woordvolgorde & bijwoorden

• Genitive (possessive -> om bezit aan te geven: 's / ' / of)

• Some/Any/Compound (= something/anywhere etc.)

• Phrasal verbs lesson 4.2 - ex. 13 and 14 (ON TEST)

Difference simple vs continuous tenses

continuous tenses emphasize DURATION (exception = present continuous)

(signal words: all this time, for years, for past hours etc.)

• was/were working = past continuous (a long time/or it felt like a long time in the past; alreading going on in the past - interruption = past simple)
• has/have been working = present perfect continuous (started in the past up to NOW, all this time up till now)
• had been working = past perfect continuous (a longer time in the earlier past; all this time before a certain moment in the past)

NOTE!!!  is/are + hele ww + ing = present continuous = right now/irritation/future arrangement

She is working right now; She is always nagging about him (irritation); She is flying to New York tomorrow (future arrangement)

Past & present simple - present perfect & past perfect 

simple  vs continuous (progressive) tenses

Simple vs continuous tenses

Modals - slide 9

1. must/mustn't (de spreker vindt dat iets moet; het kan niet anders dan)
2. have to (iemand anders vindt dat iets moet)
3. don't have to (niet nodig)
4. should/shouldn't (advies)
5. need to/needn't (nodig/niet nodig)
6. can/can't - could/couldn't (mogen/kunnen)

Difference must/have to = slide 10

Modals - irregularities

Let op:

Must = present simple only

had to = past simple

have had to = present perfect (I've had to..)

had had to = past perfect (I'd had to ....)

will have to = future

Can = present simple

could = past simple / ook: beleefdheidsvorm (zou kunnen)

have been allowed = present perfect

had been allowed = past perfect

will be allowed = future

https:

https:

Want / make / would like / mind of willing?

1 Een verzoek doen aan iemand anders:

dwingend

∇

to make someone

+ hele ww.                           My mum made me do the washing-up.   Mijn moeder dwong me de afwas te doen.

∇

to want someone to

+ hele ww.                           My mum wants me to do the washing-up, but I don't feel like it.  Mijn moeder wil dat de afwas doe,

                                                maar ik heb geen zin.

∇

would like someone to

+ hele ww                             My mum would like me to do the washing-up.    Mijn moeder wil graag dat ik de afwas doe.

niet dwingend

met enige tegenzin

∇

(not) mind

+ hele ww

+ -ing

My sister doesn't mind

helping people.

Mijn zus vindt het niet erg om

mensen te helpen.

∇

be willing to

+ hele ww

My sister is always

willing to help people.

Mijn zus is altijd bereid

mensen te helpen.

∇

would rather

+ hele ww

My sister would rather

help people than sit in an office.

Mijn zus helpt liever mensen

dan dat ze op kantoor zit.

graag

would (not) mind / be willing to / would rather

2. Aangeven wat je zelf wilt

met enige tegenzin

∇

(not) mind

+ hele ww

+ -ing.              My sister doesn't mind helping people.       Mijn zus vindt het niet erg om mensen te helpen.

∇

be willing to

+ hele ww.      My sister is always willing to help people.    Mijn zus is altijd bereid. mensen te helpen.

∇

would rather

+ hele ww.       My sister would rather help people than sit in an office.   Mijn zus helpt liever mensen dan dat ze op kantoor zit.

graag

's of s' 

Personen 

-> the boy's car  (enkelvoud  = 's)

->  the boys' cars (de auto's van de jongens - elke jongen heeft er 1)  (meervoud eindigend op s = ' -> the boys'/the girls' cars)

-> the boys' car (de jongens hebben 1 auto)

The men's room (Am.) ;  the ladies' room (Am.). (UK: Ladies / Gents)

Namen 

John's car 

The Jones's house / the Jones' house -> namen die eindigen op een "s" klank -> 1)  's OF 2)  ' 

Tijd

Yesterday's newspaper 

Last week's offer

Tomorrow's special

's of s' 

Klassieke namen uit de oudheid eindigend op "s" klank -> '

Jezus' disciples

Socrates' wisdom

Sophocles' plays

But:

Shakespeare's plays

's of s' 

Plaats 

At John's

At my mom's

At the butcher's

At the baker's

Uitdrukkingen

A million dollars' worth of goods

A day's journey

Twenty minutes' delay / a seven hours' walk 

A stone's throw away

At arm's length

A ladies' man

An old wives' tale

For goodness' sake

Difference?

A two hours' walk

A two-hour walk

A year's work

one-year anniversary

60's music

the 60s (the sixties)

Of

Gebruik "of" voor: zaken, hoeveelheden, aardrijkskundige namen

• the back of the house 
• a gram of salt
• The city of London

 

 

the county of Essex

het graafschap Essex

www.englisch-hilfen.de

Word order - SVOPT

• Subject - Verb - Object - Place - Time (P before T) ->  I saw John in London last week

• Adverbs of frequency -> before the main verb (I have often thought about it)

• Long adverbs -> beginning or end of sentence (Naturally, we wouldn't mind. We wouldn't mind, naturally.)

• Adverb & "to be" -> after "to be" (She is always late. They are never sulky.)

www.englisch-hilfen.de

Prepositions (havo)

(www.english-hilfen.de/grammar/prepositions)

Time:

Days = on (on Sunday/on my birthday)

Months / Seasons / years / part of the day = in

Others:

In three weeks' time (over 3 weken) / In an hour (over een uur)

Within 24 hours (binnen 24 uur)

At the weekend (UK) / On the weekend (Am.)

At Christmas / At Easter

At school (fysiek op school) ; in school (je studeert er nog)

Last week / next Friday

In the picture (she's in the picture)

Beside (next to) vs Besides (Buiten/naast - bijv. naast auto's, hebben ze ook fietsen)

Between (tussen 2 in) vs Among (tussen meerdere(n)

Off = uit/vanaf  vs  Of = van

Relative pronouns (havo)

• Whose = wiens/van wie (personen/dingen -> the school whose principal has left)

-> Whose car is that?

• Whom = verwijst naar persoon in combinatie met voorzetsel (direct naast whom)

-> With whom are you going to Paris? ;  About whom are you talking?; Next to whom are you sitting?; For whom are you shopping?

vs. Who are you sitting next to?

• Who = personen + huisdieren met naam

• Which = dingen (ook in combinatie met voorzetsel)

-> the thing about which you told me;  the job for which you applied

• That = personen / dingen (nooit met komma's; niet in combinatie met voorzetsel)

Relative pronouns (havo)

• That (personen/dingen) -> geen komma's

The man you saw is the killer = 1e voorkeur

The man who you saw is the killer. = 2e voorkeur

The man that you saw is the killer = iets informeler

• Which (dingen) -> kan met komma's!

The lesson, which was quite boring, finished at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. (met komma's = uitbreidend/extra info)

The lesson which she needed to attend started at 9 o'clock. (zonder komma's = beperkend/restrictive -> je bedoelt alleen deze les)

Some vs Any 

Some 

-> in bevestigende zinnen (waar geen not/hardly in staat)

-> bij vragen waarbij je "ja" verwacht (Would you like some coffee?)

Any

-> in vragen en ontkenningen (zinnen waarin not/hardly staat)

-> bij vragen waarbij je het antwoord niet weet (Is there anyone out there who can help me?)

Some vs Any 

Some 

• ongeveer (Some 300 people showed up the Queen's birthday party)
• een of andere (Some guy asked me out last night, but I don't know his name.)
• een beetje / een paar (I've got some money left; some people don't think it's fair)

Any

• wie dan ook; welke dan ook; waar dan ook etc.

Can anyone confirm that?

Any book will do, as long as I can read.

I need a holiday, any place is fine.