V4 week 16 - Unit 4 auxiliaries

Unit 4 - grammar so far

  • Mixed tenses (4.1)
  • Continuous tenses (4.2)
  •  Modals/auxiliary verbs (hulpwerkwoorden)  (4.2)

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Slide 1: Diapositive
EngelsMiddelbare schoolvmbo lwoo, vwoLeerjaar 4

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Unit 4 - grammar so far

  • Mixed tenses (4.1)
  • Continuous tenses (4.2)
  •  Modals/auxiliary verbs (hulpwerkwoorden)  (4.2)

Slide 1 - Diapositive

Slide 2 - Diapositive

Past & present simple - present perfect & past perfect 
simple  vs continuous tenses

Slide 3 - Diapositive

Future: present simple/ present continuous/to be going to/ will (top 4 in chart)

Slide 4 - Diapositive

Simple vs continuous tenses

Slide 5 - Diapositive

Present Perfect Signal words
  • just
  • yet
  • never
  • already
  • ever
  • so far
  • up to now
  • recently
  • since
  • for
  • all morning etc.  (this morning -> If it is still going on!)

Slide 6 - Diapositive

Past Simple signal words
  • when
  • ago
  • last week/year/time etc.
  • In 1945 etc.
  • yesterday
  • this morning (looking back/finished)


Slide 7 - Diapositive

Questions/negative sentences
Present simple -> does/doesn't + hele ww (he/she/it); do/don't + hele ww (I/you/we/they)
i.e. She works as a nurse. Does she work as a nurse? No, she doesn't.

Past simple -> did/didn't + hele ww (alle personal pronouns)
i.e. He taught French at that school last year. Did he really teach that? Actually, he didn't do that.

Present Perfect -> has + voltooid dw. (3e vorm)/ have + voltooid dw. (3e vorm) (has = he/she/it; have =I/you/we/they)
i.e. I have never eaten snails in my life. Has he ever eaten snails? No, he hasn't.

Auxiliaries/modals -> they always go together with a lexical verb (zww/betekenis ww.) -> put the auxiliary first in questions/neg.
(can/could/will/would/shall/should/must/may/might/need/to be willing to etc.)
i.e. Can you help me? Might I be excused?

Slide 8 - Diapositive

Slide 9 - Lien

Want / make / would like / mind of willing?
1 Een verzoek doen aan iemand anders:
dwingend
to make someone
+ hele ww.                           My mum made me do the washing-up.   Mijn moeder dwong me de afwas te doen.

to want someone to
+ hele ww.                           My mum wants me to do the washing-up, but I don't feel like it.  Mijn moeder wil dat de afwas doe,
                                                maar ik heb geen zin.
would like someone to
+ hele ww                             My mum would like me to do the washing-up.    Mijn moeder wil graag dat ik de afwas doe.
niet dwingend




met enige tegenzin


(not) mind
+ hele ww
+ -ing

My sister doesn't mind
helping people.

Mijn zus vindt het niet erg om
mensen te helpen.


be willing to
+ hele ww

My sister is always
willing to help people.

Mijn zus is altijd bereid
mensen te helpen.


would rather
+ hele ww

My sister would rather
help people than sit in an office.

Mijn zus helpt liever mensen
dan dat ze op kantoor zit.

graag


Slide 10 - Diapositive

would (not) mind / be willing to / would rather
2. Aangeven wat je zelf wilt

met enige tegenzin
(not) mind
+ hele ww
+ -ing.              My sister doesn't mind helping people.       Mijn zus vindt het niet erg om mensen te helpen.
be willing to
+ hele ww.      My sister is always willing to help people.    Mijn zus is altijd bereid. mensen te helpen.
would rather
+ hele ww.       My sister would rather help people than sit in an office.   Mijn zus helpt liever mensen dan dat ze op kantoor zit.

graag


Slide 11 - Diapositive

Want / make / would like / mind of willing?
1 Een verzoek doen aan iemand anders:
dwingend
to make someone
+ hele ww.                           My mum made me do the washing-up.   Mijn moeder dwong me de afwas te doen.

to want someone to
+ hele ww.                           My mum wants me to do the washing-up, but I don't feel like it.  Mijn moeder wil dat de afwas doe,
                                                maar ik heb geen zin.
would like someone to
+ hele ww                             My mum would like me to do the washing-up.    Mijn moeder wil graag dat ik de afwas doe.
niet dwingend




met enige tegenzin


(not) mind
+ hele ww
+ -ing

My sister doesn't mind
helping people.

Mijn zus vindt het niet erg om
mensen te helpen.


be willing to
+ hele ww

My sister is always
willing to help people.

Mijn zus is altijd bereid
mensen te helpen.


would rather
+ hele ww

My sister would rather
help people than sit in an office.

Mijn zus helpt liever mensen
dan dat ze op kantoor zit.

graag


Slide 12 - Diapositive

Can/could/be able to 
Can/could/be able to  = Kunnen; in staat zijn om

Can = present tense

Could = Zou kunnen - beleefheidsvorm; past tense 

Have been able to = present perfect

Had been able to = past perfect

Will be able to = future simple

Slide 13 - Diapositive

Can = mogelijk zijn; Could = zou mogelijk zijn
Could have = mogelijk geweest in verleden, maar niet gebeurd

Snow storms can occur in winter 

It could even snow this afternoon.

You could have called me! Now I have missed the party.


Slide 14 - Diapositive

To be allowed to/may/might = mogen, misschien kunnen
To be allowed to = mogen/toestemming hebben (alle tijden/tenses)
I was allowed to go to the party yesterday. Before we met, she had  never been allowed to visit that club.

May/might = toestemming, formeel gebruik
May = mogen; present tense (May I be excused?)
Might = zou mogen (meer twijfel; super beleefd); past tense (Might I have a word with you?)
Voor alle andere tijden -> to be allowed to

May/might = misschien
He may visit us later today (Hij komt misschien later vandaag op bezoek/langs)
He might visit us later (might = meer twijfel; heel misschien/zou misschien)

Might have + 3rd form = iets was mogelijk geweest in het verleden, maar het is niet gebeurd
You might have fallen off that cliff!

Slide 15 - Diapositive

must/have to/don't have to/needn't/should
Must = moeten; present simple only; 
used for signs ("protective helmets must be worn at this point"); 
used by the person speaking (Teacher: "You must write this down")
used for logical conclusions (logische gevolgtrekking - He's so pale: he must be ill!; He must have forgotten it)

Must not = verbod
You mustn't startle the monkies.

Have to = moeten; all tenses
used for law; regulations, other people speaking (You have to wear a seatbelt; Mom said I had to listen to her)
He has had to work hard all of his life; They had had to study hard for this test, and they passed it!

Don't/doesn't/didn't/won't have to/needn't = niet hoeven 
You don't have to worry; You needn't worry

Slide 16 - Diapositive

must/have to/don't have to/needn't/should
Should = zou (eigenlijk) moeten (as in friendly advice)
You should listen to your best friend.
You should go to the dentist

Should have +3rd form = iets had eigenlijk moeten gebeuren, maar is niet gebeurd

Slide 17 - Diapositive