OW Advanced unit 12

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

OW Advanced unit 12

MIND OVER MATTER

the power of the mind to control and influence the body and the physical world generally

participle and to+ infinitive clauses

to + infinitive clauses

• is used with reporting verbs ( e.g. say, believe )in the passive
• express the same idea as  to be able to.
• used after certain adjectives ( e.g. devastated, sorry)
• as a subject of a sentence ( -ing form as subject is more formal)
• used with comparatives
• express purpose and ability ( as in order to or be able to)

participle clauses

present participle: verb + ing

past participle: verb + ed 

perfect participle: having + past participle

They are used to avoid repetition or as a form of ellipsis ( shortening of a sentence), especially in more formal spoken and written English.

use of participle clauses

to reduce a relative clause for an active verb

The doctor who is leading the expedition ....

The doctor leading the expedition ....

The prisoners who are being released have ...

The prisoners being released have....

note: This cannot be done if the relative pronoun is the object (do/io) of the clause.

present participle

use of participle clause

to  reduce a relative clause for a passive verb

The man who was injured in the crash made...

The man injured in the crash made...

note: This cannot be done if the relative pronoun is the object (do/io) of the clause.

past participle

other uses of particle clauses

giving a reason for a main clause 
Knowing that she would be angry, he didn't mention he had been gambling again.

an action occurring at the same time as the main clause
She left the room, muttering to herself

as a reduced conditional ( shorter for if + past participal)
If used sparingly, this will last for a year.

nominalisation= the process or result of forming a noun or noun phrase.

It is used in more formal and advanced writing.

The writer described the atmospehere brilliantly.

with nominalisation: 

The writer's description of the atmpsphere was brilliant.

Nominalisation is often used to describe:

• processes
• changes
• qualities
• behaviours
• communication

rewrite:
The architect designed an iconic skyscraper.

rewrite: The president acted immediately to stop further escalation.

rewrite: The teachers reviewed the students' work.

rewrite: I am grateful for informing me about the changes.

check out p 223 for more of these sentences and learn them for the test