8.3.A. Revolution Year 1848

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Phone in the phone bag!

AGE 8. The Time of Citizens and Steam Engines

8.3 The rise of the -isms

Rules

1. Phones go in the phone bag (nummering op basis van klassenlijst)
2. Raise your hand if you have a question.
3. When others speak, we listen (don't interrupt others).
4. Bring all the necessities too class (device, notebook, etc.) and the homework is done

What do you remember from last year?

In today's class

1. Why did the Netherlands become a monarchy again in 1815
2. Why did a new revolution start in 1848 and what did the revolutionaries demand?
3. What were the consequences of this revolution for the Netherlands?

This lesson (learn this by heart):

• After the defeat of Napoleon, European monarchs turned back the clock to the situation BEFORE the French Revolution.
• The Netherlands became a monarchy again
• 1830: Belgium became independent from the Netherlands
• In 1848 new revolutions broke out all over Europe
• Afraid of revolution, King Willem II accepted a new constitution which limited his power.
• New ideas and movements arose: liberalism, socialism, confessionalism, feminism.....

Short Recap

The French Revolution (1789) gave French people:

• more equality
• more rights (written down in a:
• constitution

• Napoleon Bonaparte's wars spread the ideas of the French Revolution across Europe.

• 1815: Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo.

1815: Peace Congress in Vienna

• The winning countries decided to TURN BACK THE CLOCK to BEFORE the French Revolution:
• 
  

• put a king (absolute monarch) in charge again.
• take away people's freedom, equality and rights.

Which country was the main victor over Napoleon?

1. Germany
2. Britain
3. the Netherlands
4. Russia

Which statement is true?

Statement I: After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, France became a republic again.
Statement II: After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, many reforms of the French Revolution were reversed.

1. Statement I is true.
2. Statement I is false.
3. Both statements are true
4. Both statements are false

1815: Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden

• 1815: Napoleon defeated at Waterloo
• Peace Conference In Vienna

• The winner (UK) decides that The Netherlands must become a monarchy again: King Willem I

• United Kingdom of the Netherlands, including Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg

south

north

4. What were the differences between the southern and the northern provinces of the Netherlands?

focus on trade

catholic

French is spoken

protestant

Dutch is spoken

focus on industry

liberalism

• liberty = freedom
• liberals were the people who wanted to spread the Enlightenment ideas further.
• They believe in more freedom for common people: freedom of
• -speech
• -religion
• -trade
• They were the opposites of conservatives

liberalism 

• Johan Rudolf Thorbecke rewrote the new constitution  
• Liberals fought for the seperation of power between the government, judges and parliament (trias politica)

Belgian Revolution

1830

• The Belgians declare themselves independent from the Netherlands
• This is the birth of Belgium

conservatism

• conservatives want to keep (conserve) old norms and values.

• They don't want change.

• So they hated the Enlightenment ideas and the French Revolution.

• After 1815, conservatives reinstated  monarchies in Europe again.
• They turned back the clock.

1840-1848: 

King Willem II

• Conservative

• Rules like an absolute monarch

• Doesn't like democracy

Revolution Year

1848

• Rioters demanded constitutional reform 
• The liberals are angry: "Everything is the same again as before the French Revolution!"
• Everywhere there are kings on the European thrones again and there is no democracy.

Kings all over Europe start to panic....

• In The Hague the king fears for his life
• So, in 1848, King Willem II turns from a conservative into a liberal overnight.

In 1848 a new revolution broke out in several European capitals.
Rioters demanded constitutional reform.

What does that mean?

1. Their country did not have a constitution but the rioters wanted one.
2. Their country had a constitution but it did not limit the king's power and give the people basic rights.
3. The people wanted to reform the constitution to give the monarch more power.
4. Their country had a constitution but it was based on Enlightenment ideas.

Put the events in the correct chronological order

King William I was succeeded by his son King William II.

William II stopped being a conservative.

France became a republic for the second time

Revolutions broke out all over Europe.

Belgium became independent.

conservative

progressive

Drag the words left to the correct place in the table. 

Which belong to conservative and which to progressive?

revolution

no change

new way of thinking

 constitutional reforms 

the old ways

Consequences

• The leader of the Dutch Liberals: Johan Rudolf Thorbecke makes a new constitution:

• King is inviolable (onschendbaar)
• Ministers are responsible for the actions of the government (also: for the actions of the king)

Homework for tomorrow 

Read:

'Liberalism', 'confessionalism and 'feminism I'

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