YR3_CH10_HW12

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

HW LESSON 12

CHAPTER 10

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Learning goals

• You know what parts belong to the adaptive immune system
• You understand what role antigen presentation plays in the adaptive immune system
• You understand how the adaptive immune system works to achieve memory
• You understand what immunity is

Keywords

• Innate immunity
• Adaptive immunity
• Antigen
• Foreign
• T-Lymphocyte
• B-Lymphocyte
• Antibody
• Memory cell

Read pages 147 & 148 in your book and look for definitions of these words.

 LESSON 12

THESE NOTES WILL BE DISCUSSED DURING THE NEXT 2 LESSONS, TAKE A LOOK AHEAD IF YOU WANT...

Antigens

• small parts coming from a pathogen
• presented by phagocytes (dendritic cells) to lymphocytes
• foreign vs self
• dendritic cells present them on their surface after disassembly
• 
  

Foreign vs Self

Foreign antigens

antigens that do not originate in the body themselves

Self antigens

antigens that originate in the body themselves

The adaptive immune system can distinguish between foreign and self antigens

Antigen specificity

T- and B-lymphocytes have been trained to recognize ONLY 1 antigen.

You continuously create new T- and B-lymphocytes to recognize different kinds of antigen. Even for antigens you'll never come across.

Only the T-cell that recognizes the antigen presented by the dendritic cell will become active

Antigen specificity

You have millions and millions of different lymphocytes ready to become active.

From 'naive' to 'active'

a non-active / sleeping lymphocyte is called naive. 

Antigen presentation and antigen recognition makes a lymphocyte active

naive T-lymphocyte

antigen recognition

active T-lymphocyte

T-lymphocytes get to work

division

active T-lymphocyte

1. worn-down macrophages get reactivated

2. reactivated macrophages goes into overdrive and start to kill

1. T-cells activate specific B-cell

2. activated B-cells start to produce antibodies

B-cell

Activated T-cells look for the antigen-specific B-cell.

They activate this B-cell

naive B-cell

also antigen specific

active T-cell activates B-cell

by means of antigen recognition

active B-cell produce lots and lots of antibodies

Antibodies

• proteins produced by activated B cells
• Y-shaped
• antigen-specific
• neutralize pathogen by preventing movement and interaction

Memory cells and immunity

• a small part of the activated B- and T-cells remain present
• They turn into memory cells
• Memory B-cells produce low amounts of antibodies
• Memory T-cells keep looking for antigen

+

memory T-cells

memory B-cells

immunity

Homework for next time:

• Complete the lessonup HW12
• Revise all glossaries on StudyGO (HW5-HW12)
• Revise all notes till now.