Y3-Thavo3-Lesson 12 GKR

Homeostasis, Health & Disease
Lesson 12
1 / 38
suivant
Slide 1: Diapositive
BiologieMiddelbare schoolhavo, vwoLeerjaar 3

Cette leçon contient 38 diapositives, avec quiz interactifs, diapositives de texte et 2 vidéos.

time-iconLa durée de la leçon est: 45 min

Éléments de cette leçon

Homeostasis, Health & Disease
Lesson 12

Slide 1 - Diapositive

This lesson
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Progress Pathogen project

Slide 2 - Diapositive

PATHOGENS PROJECT
  • How are you doing?
  • Any questions so far?

Do not forget:
  • Start writing your final report
  • Submission date: October 25th 

Slide 3 - Diapositive

Learning goals

  • You know what parts belong to the adaptive immune system
  • You understand what role antigen presentation plays in the adaptive immune system
  • You understand how the adaptive immune system works to achieve memory
  • You understand what immunity is

Slide 4 - Diapositive

Keywords
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Antigen
  • Foreign
  • T-Lymphocyte
  • B-Lymphocyte
  • Antibody
  • Memory cell

Slide 5 - Diapositive

Innate immunesystem

Innate immunesystem:
Parts of the immune system that are present from birth

Slide 6 - Diapositive

Adaptive immunesystem

Adaptive immunesystem:
Parts and processes of the immune system that are changing based on previous experiences

Slide 7 - Diapositive

Lines of defence

Immune system counters attacks from pathogens in three lines of defense:

  1. Barriers: keeping the pathogens out
  2. Phagocytes: attacking and wiping out invaded pathogens 
  3. Lymphocytes: learning from phagocytes how to specifically and effectively kill a certain type of pathogen

Slide 8 - Diapositive

Lines of defence

Slide 9 - Diapositive

Line 1: Barriers


Keeping pathogens out






Mechanical: Physical blockages preventing pathogens from entering the body
Chemical: Attacking pathogens by means of antimicrobial molecules
  • skin
  • mucosal membranes
  • stomach acid
  • antibacterial proteins

Slide 10 - Diapositive

Line 2: Phagocytes


Phagocytes are able to perform phagocytosis and to present parts of the pathogen to the adaptive immune system




Slide 11 - Diapositive

Overview of line 2

Line 1 fails: pathogens invade the body
Surviving tissue cells call for help
Macrophages start to devour pathogens and send out signs
Neutrophils arrive and join the battle. They massively kill off the pathogens and themselves
Proteins of the complement system start to kill pathogens by perforating them
Dendritic cells display parts of the pathogens on their membranes and travel to the lymph nodes
Activation of defence line 3: the adaptive immune system - the lymphocytes

Slide 12 - Diapositive

Lymphatic system
Sewage system of the body
  • Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and thymus
  • drained tissue fluid is sent to lymph nodes for screening
  • here the dendritic cell presents its pathogen parts (antigens)

Slide 13 - Diapositive

To what part of the immune system do these lines of defence belong?
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
Barriers
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes

Slide 14 - Question de remorquage

As part of innate immunity, the human body utilises mechanical and chemical immunity.
Which of the following is an example of chemical immunity?
A
Skin
B
Fluid flow in the urinary tracht
C
Stomach acid
D
Mucosal layer in the vagina

Slide 15 - Quiz

What is the main 'ingredient' of pus?
A
pathogens
B
macrophages
C
neutrophils
D
B-cells

Slide 16 - Quiz

Slide 17 - Vidéo

Antigens


  • Small parts coming from a pathogen
  • Presented by phagocytes (dendritic cells) to lymphocytes
  • Foreign vs self
  • Dendritic cells present them on their surface after disassembly



Slide 18 - Diapositive

Foreign vs Self


Foreign antigens
antigens that do not originate in the body themselves

Self antigens
antigens that originate in the body themselves

The adaptive immune system can distinguish between foreign and self antigens


Slide 19 - Diapositive

Antigen specificity


T- and B-lymphocytes have been trained to recognize ONLY 1 antigen.

You continuously create new T- and B-lymphocytes to recognize different kinds of antigen. Even for antigens you'll never come across.

Only the T-cell that recognizes the antigen presented by the dendritic cell will become active

Slide 20 - Diapositive

Antigen specificity


You have millions and millions of different lymphocytes ready to become active.

Slide 21 - Diapositive

From 'naive' to 'active'


A non-active / sleeping lymphocyte is called naive
Antigen presentation and antigen recognition makes a lymphocyte active

antigen recognition
naive T-lymphocyte
active T-lymphocyte

Slide 22 - Diapositive

T-lymphocytes get to work


Active T-lymphocyte
Division
Reactivating macrophages: start to kill pathogens

Activate specific B-cell: start to produce antibodies

Slide 23 - Diapositive

B-cell


Activated T-cells activate B-cells -> production of antibodies
Naive B-cell

Active T-cell activates B-cell

Active B-cell produce  antibodies

Slide 24 - Diapositive

Antibodies


  • proteins produced by activated B cells
  • Y-shaped
  • antigen-specific
  • neutralize pathogen by preventing movement and interaction

Slide 25 - Diapositive

Memory cells and immunity


  • A small part of the activated B- and T-cells remain present
  • They turn into memory cells
  • Memory B-cells produce low amounts of antibodies
  • Memory T-cells keep looking for antigen
+
memory T-cells
memory B-cells
immunity

Slide 26 - Diapositive

To what part of the immune system do these lines of defence belong?
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
Macrophage
B-Lymphocyte
T-Lymphocyte
Dendritic cell
Neutrophil

Slide 27 - Question de remorquage

Recall from the video

WHERE in the body does this antigen presentation takes place?
A
In the infected tissue
B
in the lymph node
C
in the blood vessels
D
in your pinky toe

Slide 28 - Quiz

Recall from previous lesson/video

How is the adaptive immune system also called?


A
specific immune system
B
aspecific immune system
C
innate immune system
D
barrier system

Slide 29 - Quiz

Recall from the video:

What is the first thing that happens after T-cell* activation?

* T-lymphocyte = T-cell


A
making worn-down macrophages active again
B
activating B-cells
C
dividing
D
having a glass of beer

Slide 30 - Quiz

Fill the gaps in the text:

__1__ are present on the surface of pathogens. As a response from B cells __2__ are produced to neutralise the __3__


A
1 = antibodies 2 = antigens 3 = pathogens
B
1 = antigens 2 = pathogens 3 = antibodies
C
1 = pathogens 2 = antigens 3 = antibodies
D
1 = antigens 2 = antibodies 3 = antigens

Slide 31 - Quiz

A COVID quick test is an example of an antigen test.

This test proves the presence of ... ?


A
the virus
B
macrophages
C
antibodies
D
an active adaptive immune system

Slide 32 - Quiz

Well done!

You now understand how the adaptive immune system works.

To summarise: watch the same video again on the next slide and you will see you know understand the immune system a lot better !



Slide 33 - Diapositive

Slide 34 - Vidéo

Learning goals

  • You know what parts belong to the adaptive immune system
  • You understand what role antigen presentation plays in the adaptive immune system
  • You understand how the adaptive immune system works to achieve memory
  • You understand what immunity is

Slide 35 - Diapositive

Keywords
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Antigen
  • Foreign
  • T-Lymphocyte
  • B-Lymphocyte
  • Antibody
  • Memory cell

Slide 36 - Diapositive

A concept map

A concept map adds descriptions to links between two terms

Slide 37 - Diapositive

Homework

  • Complete this LessonUp
  • Read pages 147-148 in the book (use the pdf on the classroom)
  • Complete the Assignments on lesson 5 on the classroom

Slide 38 - Diapositive