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Y3-Thavo3-Lesson 12 GKR
Homeostasis, Health & Disease
Lesson 12
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Biologie
Middelbare school
havo, vwo
Leerjaar 3
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Homeostasis, Health & Disease
Lesson 12
Slide 1 - Diapositive
This lesson
Adaptive immunity
Progress Pathogen project
Slide 2 - Diapositive
PATHOGENS PROJECT
How are you doing?
Any questions so far?
Do not forget:
Start writing your final report
Submission date: October 25th
Slide 3 - Diapositive
Learning goals
You know what parts belong to the adaptive immune system
You understand what role antigen presentation plays in the adaptive immune system
You understand how the adaptive immune system works to achieve memory
You understand what immunity is
Slide 4 - Diapositive
Keywords
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Antigen
Foreign
T-Lymphocyte
B-Lymphocyte
Antibody
Memory cell
Slide 5 - Diapositive
Innate immunesystem
Innate immunesystem:
Parts of the immune system that are present from birth
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Adaptive immunesystem
Adaptive immunesystem:
Parts and processes of the immune system that are changing based on previous experiences
Slide 7 - Diapositive
Lines of defence
Immune system
counters attacks from pathogens in three line
s of defense:
Barriers
: keeping the pathogens out
Phagocy
tes
:
attacking and wiping out invaded pathogens
Lymphocytes
:
learning from phagocytes how to specifically and effectively kill a certain type of pathogen
Slide 8 - Diapositive
Lines of defence
Slide 9 - Diapositive
Line 1: Barriers
Keeping pathogens out
Mechanical:
Physical blockages preventing pathogens from entering the body
Chemical:
Attacking pathogens by means of antimicrobial molecules
skin
mucosal membranes
stomach acid
antibacterial proteins
Slide 10 - Diapositive
Line 2: Phagocytes
Phagocytes
are able to perform
phagocytosis
and to present parts of the pathogen to the adaptive immune system
Slide 11 - Diapositive
Overview of line 2
Line 1 fails: pathogens invade the body
Surviving tissue cells call for help
Macrophages start to devour pathogens and send out signs
Neutrophils arrive and join the battle. They massively kill off the pathogens and themselves
Proteins of the complement system start to kill pathogens by perforating them
Dendritic cells display parts of the pathogens on their membranes and travel to the lymph nodes
Activation of defence line 3: the adaptive immune system - the lymphocytes
Slide 12 - Diapositive
Lymphatic system
Sewage system of the body
Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and thymus
drained tissue fluid is sent to lymph nodes for screening
here the dendritic cell presents its pathogen parts (antigens)
Slide 13 - Diapositive
To what part of the immune system do these lines of defence belong?
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
Barriers
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
Slide 14 - Question de remorquage
As part of innate immunity, the human body utilises mechanical and chemical immunity.
Which of the following is an example of chemical immunity?
A
Skin
B
Fluid flow in the urinary tracht
C
Stomach acid
D
Mucosal layer in the vagina
Slide 15 - Quiz
What is the main 'ingredient' of pus?
A
pathogens
B
macrophages
C
neutrophils
D
B-cells
Slide 16 - Quiz
Slide 17 - Vidéo
Antigens
Small parts coming from a pathogen
Presented by phagocytes (dendritic cells) to lymphocytes
Foreign vs self
Dendritic cells present them on their surface after disassembly
Slide 18 - Diapositive
Foreign vs Self
Foreign antigens
antigens that do not originate in the body themselves
Self antigens
antigens that originate in the body themselves
The adaptive immune system can distinguish between
foreign
and
self
antigens
Slide 19 - Diapositive
Antigen specificity
T-
and
B-lymphocytes
have been trained to recognize ONLY 1 antigen.
You continuously create
new T- and B-lymphocytes
to recognize different kinds of antigen. Even for antigens you'll never come across.
Only the T-cell that recognizes the antigen presented by the dendritic cell will become active
Slide 20 - Diapositive
Antigen specificity
You have millions and millions of different lymphocytes ready to become active.
Slide 21 - Diapositive
From 'naive' to 'active'
A non-active / sleeping lymphocyte is called
naive
.
Antigen presentation and antigen recognition makes a lymphocyte active
antigen recognition
naive T-lymphocyte
active T-lymphocyte
Slide 22 - Diapositive
T-lymphocytes get to work
Active T-lymphocyte
Division
Reactivating
macrophages
: start to kill pathogens
Activate specific
B-cell
:
start to produce
antibodies
Slide 23 - Diapositive
B-cell
Activated T-cells
activate B-cells -> production of antibodies
Naive
B-cell
Active T-cell activates
B-cell
Active
B-cell
produce antibodies
Slide 24 - Diapositive
Antibodies
proteins produced by activated B cells
Y-shaped
antigen-specific
neutralize pathogen by preventing movement and interaction
Slide 25 - Diapositive
Memory cells and immunity
A small part of the activated B- and T-cells remain present
They turn into memory cells
Memory B-cells produce low amounts of antibodies
Memory T-cells keep looking for antigen
+
memory T-cells
memory B-cells
immunity
Slide 26 - Diapositive
To what part of the immune system do these lines of defence belong?
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
Macrophage
B-Lymphocyte
T-Lymphocyte
Dendritic cell
Neutrophil
Slide 27 - Question de remorquage
Recall from the video
WHERE in the body does this antigen presentation takes place?
A
In the infected tissue
B
in the lymph node
C
in the blood vessels
D
in your pinky toe
Slide 28 - Quiz
Recall from previous lesson/video
How is the adaptive immune system also called?
A
specific immune system
B
aspecific immune system
C
innate immune system
D
barrier system
Slide 29 - Quiz
Recall from the video:
What is the first thing that happens after T-cell* activation?
* T-lymphocyte = T-cell
A
making worn-down macrophages active again
B
activating B-cells
C
dividing
D
having a glass of beer
Slide 30 - Quiz
Fill the gaps in the text:
__1__ are present on the surface of pathogens. As a response from B cells __2__ are produced to neutralise the __3__
A
1 = antibodies 2 = antigens 3 = pathogens
B
1 = antigens 2 = pathogens 3 = antibodies
C
1 = pathogens 2 = antigens 3 = antibodies
D
1 = antigens 2 = antibodies 3 = antigens
Slide 31 - Quiz
A COVID quick test is an example of an antigen test.
This test proves the presence of ... ?
A
the virus
B
macrophages
C
antibodies
D
an active adaptive immune system
Slide 32 - Quiz
Well done!
You now understand how the adaptive immune system works.
To summarise: watch the same video again on the next slide and you will see you know understand the immune system a lot better !
Slide 33 - Diapositive
Slide 34 - Vidéo
Learning goals
You know what parts belong to the adaptive immune system
You understand what role antigen presentation plays in the adaptive immune system
You understand how the adaptive immune system works to achieve memory
You understand what immunity is
Slide 35 - Diapositive
Keywords
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Antigen
Foreign
T-Lymphocyte
B-Lymphocyte
Antibody
Memory cell
Slide 36 - Diapositive
A concept map
A concept map adds descriptions to links between two terms
Slide 37 - Diapositive
Homework
Complete
this LessonUp
Read
pages 147-148 in the book
(use the pdf on the classroom)
Complete the
Assignments on lesson 5
on the classroom
Slide 38 - Diapositive
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