Modals: must, have to, should, ought to

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Modals

Must / Have to/ Should / Ought to

Wat weet je nog over de
modals? (may/might/be allowed to)

Modal Verbs 

(hulpwerkwoorden)

must, have to, should, ought to

(obligation = verplichting)

^_should

eigen mening

advies

_{^{ought to}}

eigen mening

   

volgens regels,

formelere taal

= zou moeten

^_must

eigen mening

_{^{have to}}

mening iemand anders

          

noodzaak, verplichting, zekerheid

= moeten

Uitzondering

Iets hoeft niet

Iets mag niet 

don't/doesn't have to

=> geen verplichting

mustn't

=> verbod

iets moet

Iets zou moeten

Uitzondering: iets hoeft niet

• must- eigen mening
• have to - mening iemand anders,  

                          noodzaak / verplichting

• should - eigen mening

                          advies 

• ought to - eigen mening, 

                             verplichting, formelere                               taal

• don't/doesn't have to
• geen verplichting

My grandmother shouldn't/doesn't have to be on her own.

1. shouldn't
2. doesn't have to

When you go to Amsterdam, you really have to / must take a boat trip through the canals.

1. have to
2. must

I really ___________________ (moet) go to bed now, or I won’t be fit tomorrow.

1. must
2. have to
3. should
4. ought to

The authorities __________________ (zouden niet moeten) tolerate these acts of non democratic behaviour.

1. mustn't
2. don't have to
3. shouldn't
4. ought not to

Members of our club ___________________ (behoren te) know how to behave at official ceremonies.

1. must
2. have to
3. should
4. ought to

They .......... take an earlier train.

You .... invite Jeremy to the party. He's so cute!

Ann .......... help her brother with his homework.

Everyone ........... hand in their paper before Tuesday.

You ..... pay for my dinner, I have got plenty of money.

You .... drive in the wrong direction on a highway!

Typ any remaining questions here
or - if you don't have a question

How good do you think you are at
must / have to / should / ought to?

1100

Go to theme 2 stepping stones

Exercises 26 and 27

Finished? Do Test Yourself 2, 3, 4, 5

Gerund 

Verb + ing

 a verb (ww) + ing = noun (zelfstandig naamwoord)

We call this: the gerund

shop (verb) + ing = shopping (noun)               = gerund

game (verb) + ing = gaming                                  = gerund

eat (verb) + ing = eating                                            = gerund 

Een gerund is het hele werkwoord + ing dat als zelfstandig naamwoord wordt gebruikt. Je gebruikt de gerund:

1. als onderwerp van een zin.

Bedenk een ander voorbeeld waarbij je de gerund als onderwerp in een zin gebruikt.

Smoking is bad for your health.

Roken in slecht voor je gezondheid.

When?

Je gebruikt de gerund (ww+ing:

• Als zelfstandig naamwoord
• na ww die een mening uitdrukken (hate/ like/ love/enjoy)
• na deze ww start/ begin/ continue/ stop
• na voorzetsels (after/ before/ while/ at etc.)
• na bepaalde uitdrukkingen: It's no use / It's (not) worth it / don't mind / to look forward to

use the gerund 

use the gerund 

use the gerund 

 to-infinitive?

Deze wordt gebruikt:

• Na ww die een gevoel/gedachte uitdrukken (hesitate/ hope/ want/ expect/ choose
• Na ww die 'iets zeggen'  uitdrukken (agree/ promise/ demand/ forbid/ refuse
• In combinatie met would love / would hate/ would like etc
• Na de ww learn/ manage/ fail/ tend

Fill in gerund or to+infinitive:
I hope ... the exam.(pass)

to + infinitive or the gerund?
I don't want _______ (leave) yet.

Fill in gerund or to+infinitive: I hope .... the exam.(pass)

to + infinitive or the gerund?
He decided _______ (study) biology.

to + infinitive or the gerund?
I truly dislike _______ (wait).

to+infinitive or the gerund?
Do you remember ...(write) that article last year?

Do you understand this Grammar item?

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