CH1 sec. 1.4 The end of the Dutch Revolt

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CH1. The age of discoverers and reformers

sec. 1.4 The end of the Dutch Revolt

Learning objectives

1) I can explain what consequences the declaration of independence of the Northern Netherlands had for government and religion.

2) I can name four developments that can explain why the rebels gradually became stronger.

3) I can explain how the struggle between the Dutch Republic and Spain came to an end.

I know the important terms and dates of this section.

Declaration of Independence

1579 Union of Atrecht

• Victories of the Duke of Parma
• Southern provinces
• Catholic majority
• Remained loyal to the Spanish king Philip II
• Reconciliation
• Only Roman Catholicism was permitted 

Declaration of Independence

1579 Union of Utrecht

• Alliance of Northern provinces
• Leader Willem van Oranje
  
• Continue battle against Spanish king 

Act of Abjuration

(Plakkaat van Verlatinghe)

Declaration of Independence

• 1581 Act of Abjuration (Plakkaat (or Acte) van Verlatinghe)

Northern provinces got rid of Philip II. 

No longer their king. Who will succeed him?

• 1584 William of Orange killed.

No suitable candidate.

• 1588 Republic of Seven United Netherlands

(Hol, Zee, Utr, Gel, Ove, Gr, Fr + Dr (no seat in S G))

• Country ruled by citizens instead of a king/ emperor.

Very unuasual in Early Modern Times.

Declaration of Independence

Government of the Republic of Seven United Netherlands

• Regional Council = The government in a province. It consisted of high-ranking noblemen and representatives from the cities and countryside..
• States General = The organization in which representatives of the seven provinces of the Republic met. These representatives decided together on foreign policy and the defence of the country..
• Stadholder (Dutch Republic) = The commander of the Republic’s army and the navy, employed by the Regional Councils.

Declaration of Independence

The Dutch Republic did not have one compulsory religion: you were allowed to believe what you wanted in your own home. 

However, Calvinists had more rights than people with different beliefs.

• only Calvinists were allowed to hold public church services. 
• only members of the Calvinist Church were allowed to hold administrative positions. 

Declaration of Independence

Catholics faced the most restrictions.

• hand over their churches and monasteries. 
• Catholic Church as an organization was forbidden too: bishops and priests were no longer allowed to do their jobs. 

Even so, many people remained Catholic. They went to church services secretly, in buildings that looked like ordinary homes (schuilkerken). 

The administrators usually pretended not to notice because they didn’t want any unrest. In practice, people with other non-Calvinist beliefs (such as Jews) were also left alone.

The Act of Abjuration of 1581 ...?

1. Declared the Netherlands independent
2. Caused the North to leave the South
3. Forced Alva to leave Brussels
4. Renounced Philip II as king

In which year was the Dutch Republic founded?

1. 1566
2. 1579
3. 1588
4. 1648

The organization in which representatives of the seven provinces of the Republic met. These representatives decided together on foreign policy and the defence of the country.

1. States General
2. Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
3. Regional Council
4. Stadholder (Dutch Republic)

The government in a province. It consisted of high-ranking noblemen and representatives from the cities and countryside.

1. States General
2. Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
3. Regional Council
4. Stadholder (Dutch Republic)

0

The war after 1588

Causes for rebel's success:

• Growth of trade and industry in 

Holland and Zeeland (pay mercenary army in time);

• Philip II fought many wars simultaneously

(little attention or money to the Netherlands);

• Republic acquired some strong allies

(England and France);

• 1585 Maurits of Orange stadholder (succesful army commander).

The road to peace

• Around 1600 Brabant and Limburg conquered > administration by States General
• Fighting mainly took place in Southern provinces. Republic couldn't conquer more (equal strength). Netherlands and Spain tired of the war.
• 1609-1621 Twelve year's truce (trade and prosperity increased)
• 1621-1648 Hardly any changes
• 1648 Peace of Münster (end of the Revolt). 
• Southern provinces continued to belong to Spain, northern provinces were recognised bij Spain as an independent state.

In 1588 the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands consisted of seven provinces.

1. True
2. False

The Dutch Republic was a country with a central government.

1. True
2. False

What wasn't a cause for the rebel's success?

1. Growth of trade and industry in Holland and Zeeland
2. Philip II fought many wars simultaneously
3. Strong allies (England and France)
4. William of Orange was a succesful army commander

In which year was the Peace of Munster signed?

1. 1612
2. 1621
3. 1648
4. 1672

Learning objectives

1) I can explain what consequences the declaration of independence of the Northern Netherlands had for government and religion.

2) I can name four developments that can explain why the rebels gradually became stronger.

3) I can explain how the struggle between the Dutch Republic and Spain came to an end.

I know the important terms and dates of this section.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher. 

Write down 2 things you learned today.

What do you still find difficult?