Past perfect - part one

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Goals

• To understand what the Past perfect is and when it is used.
• To be able to understand how to use it in combination with  the past simple. 
• To use the past perfect, past simple and present perfect together. 

What is happening in this sentence?

When they arrived at the train station, the train had already left.

1. Are we talking about the past?

2. How many actions are there? 

3. Which action happened first? 

4. What do you think the past 

perfect might be? 

🇬🇧 Past Simple 

🇳🇱 Verleden Tijd

ww+ed

(irr. verb = 2e vorm)

I 

I saw him yesterday.

🇬🇧 Past Perfect

🇳🇱 Voltooid Verleden Tijd

🇬🇧 Past Simple 

🇳🇱 Verleden Tijd

Regular verbs = verb +ed

Irregular verbs = 2nd vorm (2e rij) 

He arrived to the train station.

I went to school yesterday.

🇬🇧 Past Perfect 

🇳🇱 Voltooid Verleden Tijd

had + past participle (voltooid deelwoord)

Irregular verbs = had + past participle (3e rij)

When he arrived at the train station the train had left.

I had lost my bike key so I decided to walk home.

The Past Perfect shows what happened first in a sequence of past events.

What happened first?
We left the house after we had fed the dog.

1. We left the house.
2. We fed the dog.

What happened first?
When the mechanic arrived, Alex had already fixed the car herself.

1. The mechanic arrived.
2. Alex fixed the car herself.

What happened first?
They had painted the entire wall, before they realized it was the wrong colour.

1. They painted the entire wall.
2. They realized it was the wrong colour.

Great! Now let's practise a bit with the Past Perfect and the Past Simple.

In every question, look carefully what happened first (past perfect) and what happened next (past simple).

The boy _______ (be) sorry for what he ______ (do).

1. had been - did
2. was - had done

They ________ (show) me the pictures they ________ (take) during their holiday.

1. had shown - took
2. showed - had taken

After Wendy …. (finish) the last bit of paperwork, she …. (take) the bus home.

1. finished, took
2. had finished, took
3. had finished, had taken
4. finished, had taken

They … (close) the bar after the last guest … (depart)

1. closed, departed
2. had closed, departed
3. closed, had departed
4. had closed, had departed

Write the full sentence out
The referee ... (to pull) out a red card, because the player ... (to make) a foul. (Keep the comma and full stop in)

Present perfect 

has/ have + past participle (voltooid deelwoord)

Happened in the past but has a connection to now

Past perfect

had + past participle (voltooid deelwoord)

Happened before another past event. 

Present perfect vs. past perfect

Form: 

Have/ has + Past participle (verb+ed or 3rd row irregular verbs)

When to use: 

When the context is in present time. 

When something in the past has a direct effect on the present.

When something was the case in the past, and is still the case in the present.

Since I began acting, I (perform)
in two plays, a television commercial and a TV drama. However, I (speak, never even)
publicly before I came to Hollywood in 2010.

1. had performed - had never even spoken
2. have performed - had never even spoken

I ....(to visit) so many great places since I (to move) to the Netherlands. Before moving here I..(to hear, never) of Kinderdijk, De Hoge Veluwe Park, The Rijksmuseum.

1. visited, had moved, have never heard
2. have visited moved had never heard
3. have visited moved not heard
4. have visited, have moved, had never heard

Continue with....

Unit 2, Lesson 2 p.59

 Ex.8 - Past perfect only

Ex.9, 10 & 11 - Past perfect vs past simple vs present perfect

Fill in the Past Perfect:
When I got there, the meeting ___ ___ (to start).

Fill in the Past simple and Past Perfect:
After he ______ ( to pass) his exam, he (to throw) a party.

Fill in the Past Perfect:
He was shocked because he ____ never ____ (see) anything like this.

Write a short summary: What is the past perfect and when do we use it

Okay... Now, I'd like to introduce you to  Ben:

Making a sentece with the Past Perfect and Past Simple.

- Ben bought flowers for Jen.

- Ben arrived at Jen's house.

What happened first?

Past simple vs. present perfect vs. past perfect

•  Past simple: Als iets in het verleden is gebeurd 
  

     Yesterday, I walked to school

• Present perfect: Begonnen in het verleden en nu nog steeds bezig. 
  

     I have lived here since 2012

• Past perfect: twee losse gebeurtenissen in het verleden die je aan elkaar verbindt. 
  

     I watched TV after I had done my homework. 
     They had known each other for 6 years when they got married. 

De Past Perfect
gebeurde eerst,
daarna de Past simple

1. waar
2. niet waar

She .... (live) in China before she went to Thailand.

Past simple / past perfect:
The waiter __________ (to bring) the drink that I _______ (to order).

1. bring - order
2. had brought - ordered
3. brought - had ordered
4. brings - was ordering

How well do you understand the past perfect? Give yourself a grade between 1-10.

Use past perfect:
After they ______ (to eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick.

Use past perfect:
The lights went off because we ___ (not - to pay) the electricity bill .(uitschrijven).