6.2 Friends and Enemies in Berlin

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

6.2 Friends and enemies in Berlin

At the end of this lesson...

• You will be able to explain what was agreed upon during the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference.
• You will be able to explain what spheres of influence and occupation zones are.

                 United States

• Capitalism
• Free market economy
• Several parties
• Freedom

                    Soviet Union

• Communism
• Planned economy
• One-party state
• Totalitarian state

Yalta Conference

February 1945

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

President of the United States

Jozef Stalin

Leader of the Soviet Union

Winston Churchill

Prime minister of Great Britain

Yalta Conference (February 1945)

• Churchill (GB), Roosevelt (US) and Stalin (SU)
  

• What will Europe and the world look like after the war?

• Who has power and influence in Europe? 

• What do we do with Germany and the Germans?

Yalta Conference (agreements) (1)

• Creation of the United Nations (UN)

• Democratic governments in Europe

• Stalin becomes an ally in the war against Japan

• War criminals will be punished

Yalta conference (agreements) (2)

• Denazification and democratization

• Spheres of influence

• Occupation zones: Germany and Berlin are divided into 4 zones

Spheres of influence

• Division of Europe:

• You have influence in any area you have conquered from the Germans

• You may determine what happens in that area (economics, politics)

• Remember this: The other person is not allowed to intervene in that area, even if you see all kinds of things that you do not agree with.
  

Potsdam Conference

(July-August 1945)

Clement Attlee

Prime minister of Great Britain

Harry Truman

President of the United States

Jozef Stalin

Leader of the Soviet Union

Potsdam Conference (agreements)

• War criminals will be punished (Nuremberg trials).

• Concrete agreements about the occupation zones.

The border between Poland and Germany moves further west.

Potsdam Conference (agreements 2)

• The German-speaking minorities from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary should leave these countries.

• Germany would remain an economic unit.

Division of Germany

• Germany will  no longer be independent (temporarily)

Four zones of occupation led by: France, England, the Soviet Union and the United States

• Berlin is also divided into 4 zones

• Traveling between occupation zones is no problem

• Remember this: Berlin is in the occupation zone of the Soviet Union

Mini quiz

Practice for the SO!

Who were the founders of the PNI?

1. Sukarno and Gandhi
2. Sukarno and Hatta
3. Soeharto and Hatta
4. Gandhi and Hatta

What was one of the consequences of the Ethical Policy?

1. Nationalism rose in indonesia
2. The Police Actions started
3. The Cultivation System was installed.

What did Multatuli protest against with his book Max Havelaar?

1. The police actions
2. The Ethical Policy
3. The Cultivation System
4. The Java Wars

Why did the Dutch government come up with the Ethical Policy?

1. The cultivation system didn't work anymore
2. The Dutch felt like they had to give something back
3. The police actions did not have the effect they wanted