Test explanation

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Test explanation

Three parts

Irregular verbs (Stepping stones page 229, 230, 231)

Bridging the Gap (Purple words)

Sentence transformation

Irregular verbs

Page 229, 230, 231 

Learn them 

Regular version will not be asked (-ed)

Bridging the Gap 

Purple words

Look at the document in classroom

-> Wordlist + exercises 

Sentence transformation

4 times you need to know

Present simple

Present continuous

Past simple 

Present Perfect

Present Simple

Form: verb stem; verb + s (SHIT rule, 3rd person singular)

Facts (including future facts (timetable))

Regular occurrences (habits)

Fire feels hot.

My dad works as a cab driver.

Our training session starts in two hours.

Every Friday evening, we go to the movies.

Present Continuous

Form: to be (present) + verb + ing

Happening now (or in the near future (appointments))

Any time close enough to the present that the action is already planned or decided

Regular occurrences which irritate

Fires are burning everywhere!

She’s meeting her solicitor in an hour.

You’re always talking about your big biceps.

Present Simple

Always

Never

Often

Usually

Regularly

Sometimes

Every day/ week/ year/ Monday/Wednesday

Present continuous

Now/ Right now

At the moment

Today/ this week

Commands as such

Listen!

Look!

Help!

Present Simple <> Present Continuous
She usually __________ (walk) to school.

1. walks
2. is walking

Usually = normaal gesproken. Het geeft dus een gewoonte aan = present simple!

Present Simple <> Present Continuous
__________ (he / watch) the news regularly?

1. Does he watch
2. Is he watching

Regularly geeft aan dat iets regelmatig gebeurt = present simple

Present Simple <> Present Continuous
The school bag ________ (be) very heavy.

1. is
2. is being

Dit is een feitje, present simple = IS

Present Simple <> Present Continuous
Look! He _______ (leave) the house.

1. leaves
2. is leaving

Look! Is een signaalwoord voor de present continuous!

Present Simple <> Present Continuous
We _________ (play) Minecraft at the moment.

1. play
2. are playing

At the moment = nu, op dit moment = present continuous

present perfect: gebruik en vorm

- Gebruik:

   - verleden begonnen, nu nog bezig

   - verleden gebeurd, nu nog merkbaar

   - iets uit het verleden is nu nog belangrijk

- Vorm:

    - have / has (he-she-it) + voltooid deelwoord

       - regelmatige werkwoorden + ed

       - onregelmatige werkwoorden > 3e rijtje

Present Perfect

Form: have (has) + past participle

When you talk about something that happened in the past, but you think about the result in the present, or it continues until the present moment. 

Signal words: fyne bruljas

She has already eaten breakfast.

She has visited Paris three times.

The team has won every match this season.

PresentPerfect ezelsbruggetje

FYNE BRULJAS

For + duration, Yet, Never, Ever, Before, Recently, Until now, Lately, Just, Already, Since

Past Simple

Form: verb + ed or 2nd form of irregular verbs

Past facts, completed actions. 

Often with time indications like yesterday, last year etc.

The car went over the cliff.

He cleaned out the shed only last year.

I worked as a cleaner through the nineties.

PS vragend en ontkenned

- Vorm:

    - Did + hele werkwoord

- Vorm:

    - didn't (did not) + hele werkwoord

Question

Negation

past simple: ezelsbruggetje

When, Ago, Last ... , Days/Dates, Yesterday/Year

WALDY

past simple:

- voorbij

- je weet wanneer

- WALDY

- w.w. + ed

- 2e rijtje

- ? = did + w.w.

- - = didn't + w.w.

present perfect:

- nog bezig / merkbaar

- nu nog belangrijk

- FYNE JAS

- have/has + w.w. + ed

- have/has + 3e rijtje

- he/she/it = has

- I/you/we/they = have

past simple vs. present perfect

Present perfect vs past simple
My sisters (do- not) anything since this morning.

1. hasn't done
2. didn't do
3. haven't done

Since = sinds, signaalwoord voor present perfect (Fyne bruljas)

Present Perfect vs Past Simple
(-) She ... (NOT - to bring) her lunch yesterday.

1. didn't bring
2. hasn't brought
3. haven't brought

Yesterday = gisteren, signaalwoord tijsindicatie voor past simple, actie is afgelopen

Present Perfect vs Past Simple?
Last weekend, my family and I _______ on a ski holiday to Austria.

1. have gone
2. went

Last weekend = vorig weekend, signaalwoord tijdsindicatie past simple, actie afgelopen

Past simple vs Present perfect
Mary ... (win) the lottery last year.

1. won
2. has won

Last year = vorig jaar, tijdsindicatie present simple, afgelopen actie

Sentence types

Affirmative -> normal sentences

Negation -> negative sentence (n't or not)

Questions (?) (adding do or does)

Tag sentences/question (, do you, are you, aren't you)

Normal verbs

Normal verbs use the auxiliary (hulpwerkwoord) do:

Love hurts. ⇒ Does love hurt?

Mind the SHIT rule!

He makes a lot of noise. ⇒ Does he make a lot of noise?

Past:

She liked this movie too. ⇒ Did she like this movie too?

To be 

To be does not take do to make questions:

We are here.

Are we here?

Lords were all over the place.

Were lords all over the place?

Auxiliaries (hulpwerkwoorden)

Auxiliaries do not take do to make questions:

We can live here.

Can we live here?

Lords must sit over there.

Must lords sit over there?

Auxiliary verbs

Can / could

Shall / should

Will / would

May / might

Must

Need (mmm yes sometimes)

Have (+ voltooid deelwoord)

Be (+ ww + ing / + volt. dlw.)

Questions, look at the sentence

Jonas walks to school every day of the week.

In het Nederlands:

Jonas loopt elke dag naar school.

In vragende vorm:

Loopt Jonas elke dag naar school?

Easy...

Nederlandse methode werkt niet

Jonas walks to school every day of the week.

Je kunt niet zeggen:

*Walks Jonas to school every day?

Dat is gewoon fout!

Negative sentences: normal verbs

Normal verbs use the auxiliary (hulpwerkwoord) do + not (don’t, doesn’t, didn’t), followed by the infinitive of the verb (hele werkwoord):

We like to go abroad. ⇒ We don’t like to go abroad.

Rhonda writes little stories. ⇒ Rhonda doesn’t write little stories.

The whole family loved my granny. ⇒ The whole family didn’t love my granny.

Auxiliaries (hulpwerkwoorden)

Auxiliaries do not take do not (etc.) to make negations:

We could feed the monkeys.

We couldn’t feed the monkeys.

Ravens have picked the sheep clean.

Ravens haven’t picked the sheep clean.

But….

Tags

Tags are small questions at the end of the sentence.

The subject of the sentence is replaced by the relevant personal pronoun. Negative sentence get a positive tag, positive sentence get a negative tag:

People line up here, don’t they?

War isn’t a good thing, is it?

Everyone has done it, haven’t they?

Strange:

I’m your father, aren’t I?

Let’s go all the way, shall we?

Example PS

Affirmative: She likes chocolate.

Negative: She does not (doesn't) like chocolate.

Question: Does she like chocolate?

Tag Question: She likes chocolate, doesn't she?

Example PC

Affirmative: She is eating chocolate.

Negative: She is not (isn't) eating chocolate.

Question: Is she eating chocolate?

Tag Question: She is eating chocolate, isn't she?

Example PastS

Affirmative: She ate chocolate.

Negative: She did not (didn't) eat chocolate.

Question: Did she eat chocolate?

Tag Question: She ate chocolate, didn't she?

Example PP

Affirmative: She has eaten chocolate.

Negative: She has not (hasn't) eaten chocolate.

Question: Has she eaten chocolate?

Tag Question: She has eaten chocolate, hasn't she?

And Now?

Please fill in the exercises for the transforming questions