Havo 4_Grammar Unit 1_Past Simple vs Present Perfect_Present Simple_Present Continuous_Irreg verbs

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo lwoo, havo
• Leerjaar 4

GRAMMAR UNIT 1

Past Simple 

Regular = verb + ED

Irregular = 2nd form

Question = did + verb/1st form (Did you ring you last night?)

Negative sentence = didn't + verb/1st form (He didn't ring me)

Use: for actions that are finished, in the past

• When = important AND mentioned
• Action is finished

Signal words:

when, then, ago, last week/night/year etc.

in 2019, during the Middle Ages etc.

Present Perfect

has/have + 3rd form (participle)

has = he/she/it; have = I/you/we/they

Question = has/have + 3rd form (Have you ever eaten snails?)

Negative = hasn't/haven't + 3rd form (I have never eaten them.)

Use: to talk about result, experience, how long sth. has been going on (not finished), recent actions

• When = NOT important 
• Focus is on result/experience
• Action started in the past AND 

is still going on / OR has only just finished

Signal words:

never, ever, always, so far, since, for, just,

yet, up to now, recently, 

https:

Irregular verbs - online practice

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs

(sometimes 2 verbs are given: use the one before the comma)

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Present  Simple 

he/she/it -> verb + S;

 I/you/we/they -> verb

Question = does + verb 1st form/infinitive (he, she, it); 

do + verb first form/infinitive (I, you, we, they)

Negative sentence = don't + verb; doesn't + verb

Use: 

• General facts (NOT right now or duration) (She loves poetry)
• Things that happen repeatedly (Each Tuesday we swim in the lake)
• Time conjunctions (Before he leaves, he will call you)

Signal words:

always, sometimes, often, frequently

Time conjunctions: 

before, after, until etc.

Present Continuous

he/she/it -> is + verb + ing

I -> am + verb + ing

we/they/you -> are + verb + ing

Question= is/am/are + personal pronoun + verb + ing 

(Are you calling him?)

Negative = isn't/am not/aren't  + verb + ing

Use:

• Happening right now (and for a certain limited period)
• Is happening in the near future (in your agenda)
• Irritation

Signal words:

always (irritation); right now, look, listen, at the moment, currently, at present

next week/this afternoon/tonight = near future

Present  Simple 

Verbs relating to senses or feelings are called static verbs as they describe a state of being. These verbs are only used in the present simple:

hear

see

smell

taste

feel

like

love

hate

seem

appear

understand

etc.

Asking questions

who/whose (=wiens, van wie)/ which/when/why/how = interrogative pronouns

which = choice between a limited number (often 2)

what -> what time is it? = hoe laat is het?

Asking questions in the present simple, past simple, present perfect:

• Do + 1st form/hele ww -> present simple (I, you, we, they)
• Does + 1st form/hele ww -> present simple (he/she/it = shit rule)
• Did + 1st form -> past simple (all personal pronouns = I, you, he, she etc.)
• Has + 3rd form -> present perfect (he/she/it)
• Have + 3rd form -> present perfect (I/you/we/they)

Table of English tenses

Werkwoord tijden in Engels in de volgende slide/weblink

Progressive = Continuous,  bijv. Present Progressive = Present Continuous

Simple Past/Past Simple is hetzelfde

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