1.4 New map of Europe DMB

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

H1 Great War 

1.4 The new map of Europe

Par. 1.4

- how peace was made after WWI: Peace of Versailles

- that many new states arose

- that nationalism had a great influence

- how the Republic of Turkey came into being

- that tensions arose again between all kinds of peoples

Objectives 

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to recognize and explain how Europe changed during the First World War and how new tensions arose in Europe.

Peacy Treay Versailles 

january 1919

An armistice (1918) is not peace. This

 was negotiated between January and June 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles

Peace of Versailles.

precies vijf jaar na de moord op Frans Ferdinand werd het Verdrag getekend

Who is missing? 

What was arranged in the negotiations? 

1. peace with Germany

2. map of Europe was changed because:

- great old empires disappeared (Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Russian Czar and German Empire

- new countries emerged (Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

2. founding of League of Nations

Vóór WO1

Treaty = Diktat

Germany was severely punished

- Germany was not allowed to participate in the decision

- the Treaty was imposed (= diktat): Dui had to agree otherwise the fighting would resume

B.A.R.T.

Blame: Germany had to take the blame for the outbreak of WW1

Army: about 90% of the Army was fired

Reparations: Germany had to pay 500 billion Goldmark

Territory: Germany lost it's colonies and Alsace Lorraine (coles!) 

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Belangrijkste maatregelen verdrag van Versailles

• Duitsland moest gebieden afstaan
• Duitsland moest herstelbetalingen doen 
• Duitsland verloor zijn koloniën
• Duitsland mocht geen groot leger meer hebben (maximaal 100.000 troepen)

De Duitsers noemen het verdrag ook wel het Dictaat van Versailles.

Plan with 14 points: Wilson (USA)

Freedom for all nations: each nation must have its own country, with its own borders (= right to self-determination)

Democracy for all countries

Founding of the League of Nations (predecessor of the United Nations: talk first, then fight).

Volkenbond

 

• Oprichting Volkenbond: plan van Woodrow Wilson (VS)
• in 1920 opgerichte internationale volkerenorganisatie. 
• Doel: oorlogen voorkomen in de toekomst    
• Wilson wil ook Zelfbeschikkingsrecht volkeren: elk volk moest zijn eigen staat kunnen vormen. 

example: Turkey

Islamic and Western

Ataturk wanted a modern, western country:

European influences in fashion, technology and art

Equal rights for men and women

New modern laws 

New alphabet

Ban on headscarves in public buildings

Mustafa Kemal

But also: 

Expelled the Greeks from Anatolia

- Ethnic cleansing

- Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. (father of the Turks)

new tensions arose: 

- New countries emerged after the fall of Russia, namely: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Finland.

- Many Germans were against their will in a new country (part of Poland and Czechoslovakia).

- Rise of Adolf Hitler: Revenge against the Treaty of Versailles and is against a multiethnic state.

analysing cartoons: 

1st step: What do you see? Give a description of this

2nd step: Which text is next to or in the cartoon?

3rd step: Do you see any symbolism/symbols in the cartoon?

4th step: What subject/theme or event does the cartoon deal with?

5th step: Give the artist's opinion and/or try to answer the questions.

cartoon practice: 

League of Nations = Volkenbond

The dog of war

Over welk historisch onderwerp gaat de spotprent? Hoe weet je dat?

1

Heeft de spotprent een titel of een bijschrift?

2

Weet je iets over de tekenaar? Bijvoorbeeld bij welke groep hij hoorde of uit welk land hij kwam?

3

Versailles

Wie stellen de personen op de spotprent voor?

4

Zijn de personen positief of negatief afgebeeld? Hoe zie je dat?

5

Wat doen de personen?

6

Welke dingen zie je op de spotprent?

7

Wat stellen deze dingen volgens jou voor?

8

Legenda

Andere delen van de spotprent

De personen op de spotprent

Algemeen

Wat is de boodschap van de maker van de spotprent? Hoe weet je dat?

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Conclusie