V5B_week 37_vocab/grammar/speaking and writing skills

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo lwoo, havo
• Leerjaar 4

Today's class

You will ...

Review grammar units 1 & 2 (present simple; present continuous)

Better understand a current news article (reading comprehension)

(If time, work on HW next week: New grammar units 3 & 4  - past simple, present perfect, past continuous, past perfect)

Words in Progress Units 5/6/7/8 (HW Tue. Sept. 19th)

Grammar in Progress (Wed. Sept. 20th):

Unit 3 & 4 - all exercises, first 15 sentences of each

Study irregular verbs p. 172 + 173

Past Simple 

Regular = verb + ED

Irregular = 2nd form

Question = did + verb/1st form (Did you ring you last night?)

Negative sentence = didn't + verb/1st form (He didn't ring me)

Use: for actions that are finished, in the past

• When = important AND mentioned
• Action is finished

Signal words:

when, then, ago, last week/night/year etc.

in 2019, during the Middle Ages etc.

Past Continuous

was/were + verb + ing

was= he/she/it; were= I/you/we/they

Question = Was/were + subject + verb + ing (Were they eating?)

Negative = wasn't/weren't + verb + ing (They weren't eating.)

Use: to talk about something going on for a longer period of time in the past:

• Two longer actions going on simultaneously in the past

(She was watching TV while he was doing the dishes.)

• One longer action already going on and interrupted by the shorter action (=past simple)

(I was walking home when you called me.)

• Descriptive use: The sun was shining and the birds were chirping: it was a lovely day!

Signal words: while, when

The Guardian news article

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/sep/12/the-us-has-such-a-love-affair-with-laxatives-that-there-is-now-a-national-shortage-this-is-not-normal

Past Simple 

Regular = verb + ED

Irregular = 2nd form

Question = did + verb/1st form (Did you ring you last night?)

Negative sentence = didn't + verb/1st form (He didn't ring me)

Use: for actions that are finished, in the past

• When = important AND mentioned
• Action is finished

Signal words:

when, then, ago, last week/night/year etc.

in 2019, during the Middle Ages etc.

Present Perfect

has/have + 3rd form (participle)

has = he/she/it; have = I/you/we/they

Question = has/have + 3rd form (Have you ever eaten snails?)

Negative = hasn't/haven't + 3rd form (I have never eaten them.)

Use: to talk about result, experience, how long sth. has been going on (not finished), recent actions

• When = NOT important 
• Focus is on result/experience
• Action started in the past AND 

is still going on / OR has only just finished

Signal words:

never, ever, always, so far, since, for, just,

yet, up to now, recently, 

Past Simple 

Regular = verb + ED

Irregular = 2nd form

Question = did + verb/1st form (Did you ring you last night?)

Negative sentence = didn't + verb/1st form (He didn't ring me)

Use: for actions that are finished, in the past

• When = important AND mentioned
• Action is finished

Signal words:

when, then, ago, last week/night/year etc.

in 2019, during the Middle Ages etc.

Past Perfect

Had+ 3rd form (participle)

Question = had + 3rd form (Had you ever eaten snails before you met him?)

Negative = No, I hadn't

Use: to talk about an earlier event in the past

• An action took place before another action in the past

Signal words:

before, after

Past Simple 

Regular = verb + ED

Irregular = 2nd form

Question = did + verb/1st form (Did you ring you last night?)

Negative sentence = didn't + verb/1st form (He didn't ring me)

Use: for actions that are finished, in the past

• When = important AND mentioned
• Action is finished

Signal words:

when, then, ago, last week/night/year etc.

in 2019, during the Middle Ages etc.

Present Perfect

has/have + 3rd form (participle)

has = he/she/it; have = I/you/we/they

Question = has/have + 3rd form (Have you ever eaten snails?)

Negative = hasn't/haven't + 3rd form (I have never eaten them.)

Use: to talk about result, experience, how long sth. has been going on (not finished), recent actions

• When = NOT important 
• Focus is on result/experience
• Action started in the past AND 

is still going on / OR has only just finished

Signal words:

never, ever, always, so far, since, for, just,

yet, up to now, recently, 

Questions:

1. Why does the author say “American exceptionalism strikes again” in the first paragraph?
2. What does the word collective refer to in the phrase “collective bowel dysfunction problems” ? (first paragraph)
3. Which synonym for “laxative” is used in the article?
4. Why do we know more about women and stomach issues according to the writer (2 things)?
5. Why is food a “culprit” when it comes to bowel (gut) problems? Explain the word culprit and state what makes food a culprit.
6. What kind of “guru” is Gwyneth Paltrow according to the writer of the article?
7. What advice does the Guardian columnist give to people who have stomach problems?
8. Give the English definition of the following words:

Ubiquitous = 

Flatulence =

Kale = 

Complacency = 

Key to news article questions

Questions:

1.  Because taking laxatives (up to the degree of shortage) is not the norm/normal thing to do
2. The bowel problems of Americans
3. Stool softener
4.  More likely to have an eating disorders + More open to talking about problems
5.  Culprit = the bad guy; the thing that is to blame for something
6. Crap food is convenient, cheap and tasty
7. The kind of guru that recommends “weird” food/food that is hard to come by to become healthy
8. Go see the doctor

Convenient = suitable for your purposes and needs and causing the least difficulty

Ubiquitous = widespread/everyone has it

Flatulence = the expulsion of gas from the intestines via the anus (farting)

Kale = A curly, leafy green cabbage that the Dutch use with mashed potatoes (boerenkool)

Complacency = a feeling of calm satisfaction with your own abilities or situation that prevents you from trying harder

Give the missing forms

Lie

Lay

Hear

See

Ring

Flee

Catch

Run

Now write a short detective story with the above verbs (and more!) with your classmate (half a page)

1. Add more irregular verbs! 
2. Use the past simple
3. Use the past continous
4. Use the present perfect

The Environment/climate - problems

Use the following words to give your opinion on the climate and the environment. Talk to a classmate for 2 min. Then take turns.

1. Carbon footprint (to reduce our...)
2. Natural resources
3. Fossil fuels
4. Activists
5. Reusable 
6. Ecosystem
7. Drought
8. Famine
9. Increased precipitation (floods)
10. Tsunami
11. Eroded (erosion)
12. Species (to grow/become extinct)

Irregular verbs 

-> https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs

(sometimes 2 verbs are given: use the one before the comma)

The Environment/climate - solutions

Use the following words to suggest solutions to help the environment.  Talk to a classmate for 2 min. 

1. Carbon footprint (to reduce our...)
2. Harvests
3. Windfarms
4. Biodegradable detergents
5. Street litter
6. Recycling
7. Organic material
8. Natural habitat (restore natural habitats of ...)
9. Marine life (Reduce the plastic soup in the ocean to preserve marine life)
10. Sustainable development
11. Protect/increase biodiversity

Speaking activity II

WATCH a video on Boyan Slat & TAKE NOTES!

Talk in pairs about Boyan Slat and his initiative to clean up the ocean: what does he do, why, how.

Use words such as:

pollution of the ocean

plastic waste

microplastics

saving the species in the ocean

future generations

Irregular verbs

Example: 

To forget / forgot / forgotten

1e vorm = To forget = Infinitive (hele ww)

2e vorm = Forgot = Past Simple 

3e vorm = Forgotten = Past Participle (voltooid deelwoord)  

(e.g. has never forgotten/ had forgotten)

Present  Simple 

he/she/it -> verb + S;

 I/you/we/they -> verb

Question = does + verb 1st form/infinitive (he, she, it); 

do + verb first form/infinitive (I, you, we, they)

Negative sentence = don't + verb; doesn't + verb

Use: 

• General facts (NOT right now or duration) (She loves poetry)
• Things that happen repeatedly (Each Tuesday we swim in the lake)
• Time conjunctions (Before he leaves, he will call you)

Signal words:

always, sometimes, often, frequently

Time conjunctions: 

before, after, until etc.

Present Continuous

he/she/it -> is + verb + ing

I -> am + verb + ing

we/they/you -> are + verb + ing

Question= is/am/are + personal pronoun + verb + ing 

(Are you calling him?)

Negative = isn't/am not/aren't  + verb + ing

Use:

• Happening right now (and for a certain limited period)
• Is happening in the near future (in your agenda)
• Irritation

Signal words:

always (irritation); right now, look, listen, at the moment, currently, at present

next week/this afternoon/tonight = near future

Present  Simple 

Verbs relating to senses or feelings are called static verbs as they describe a state of being. These verbs are only used in the present simple:

hear

see

smell

taste

feel

like

love

hate

seem

appear

understand

etc.

https:

www.ego4u.com

Asking questions

who/whose (=wiens, van wie)/ which/when/why/how = interrogative pronouns

which = choice between a limited number (often 2)

what -> what time is it? = hoe laat is het?

Asking questions in the present simple, past simple, present perfect:

• Do + 1st form/hele ww -> present simple (I, you, we, they)
• Does + 1st form/hele ww -> present simple (he/she/it = shit rule)
• Did + 1st form -> past simple (all personal pronouns = I, you, he, she etc.)
• Has + 3rd form -> present perfect (he/she/it)
• Have + 3rd form -> present perfect (I/you/we/they)

Table of English tenses

Werkwoord tijden in Engels in de volgende slide/weblink

Progressive = Continuous,  bijv. Present Progressive = Present Continuous

Simple Past/Past Simple is hetzelfde