Goal 4: You can explain how freedom of thought lead to more science.

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Learning goals

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

-explain how freedom of thought lead to more science.

-what the scientific revolution was about

Learning goals

-Faith and tolerance

-Trade and tolerance

-Science and tolerance

What is tolerance?

What is 'freedom of thought?'

Why did NL have to be tolerant in religion?

Freedom and tolerance

• There was more freedom and tolerance in the Republic than in other countries.

The Regents of the Republic did not tell people how to live or what religion to follow.

Many scholars could (mostly) write whatever they wanted in the Republic without risking their lifes

Freedom

• You can see this tolerance well in the graph on the next slide

               a tolerant climate

                            scientific revolution

Limits to tolerance

• Freedom of speech and religion
• had to be calvinist to take public office (mayor, judge, etc.)
• Hidden churches for catholic church services (diensten) 
  
• Catholics were tolerated but inferior citizens

Tolerance in Europe?

- Many people fled to the Republic from:

France: King Louis XIV prosecuted protestants (withdrew Edict of Nantes).

Spain and Portugal: no freedom of religion or freedom of speech

- Famous refugees: Baruch Spinoza and René Descartes

Tolerance and Trade

Prince Maurice of Orange was tolerant because of trade:

• Needed allies against portugese
• Not enough Dutchmen for colonial settlement in Brazil -> he needed the Portugese.

Tolerance because of politics and economic reasons

Portuguese synagogue Amsterdam

Jewish wealth and trading knowledge

Scientific

revolution

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: Microscope => red blood cells & bacteria
• Christiaan Huygens: the telescope => ring of Saturn, pendulum clock
• Baruch Spinoza: god is not a supreme being, god is in everything: Rationalism

Scientific Revolution

• Rapid development in Western Europe in the fields of invention and science.
  
• Possible due to freedom of thought, curiosity and own faith.
  
• Rationalism: tried to understand the world with reason rather than from faith.
  
• - Free thinking
  
• - Doing research
  
• - Testing 

Learning goals

-Faith and tolerance

Trade and tolerance

-Science and tolerance

Faith and tolerance p. 71

-Trade and tolerance p.71

Science and tolerance p.72

Make pairs

- Trade and tolerance p.71 (nrs 1)

-Science and tolerance p.72 (nrs 2)

First read your part. Than discuss this with your partner. Write down the most important concepts and explain what the connection between trade/science and tolerance.

Scientific revolution?