§1.4 Where does all the..

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Start-up exercise: what is the difference between a U-valley and V-valley?

1.4 Where does all the gravel, sand and clay go to?

Where does all the gravel, sand and clay go to?

Learning objectives:

1. You know how sandbanks, dunes and deltas are formed

2. You understand the process of sedimentation and how sedimentary rock is formed. 

3. You can recognise a number of charateristics of sedimentary rock using a photo. 

Sleep het juiste begrip naar de juiste afbeelding

Chemische verwering

Mechanische verwering: 

Mechanische verwering: 

Mechanische verwering: planten

Upper course

Middle course

Lower course

lower reaches

higher reaches

middel reaches

Weathered material

The river brings material from the higher reaches to the middle and lower reaches. 

This material decreases in size the further you go.

Boulders, rocks, gravel, sand, clay. 

Erosion

Rivers grind away the landscape. The weathered material in rivers bumbs into the sides and scrapes the sides away, like sandpaper does.

Erosion

Erosion

Erosion

Sedimentation

Sedimentation

Sedimentation

Bovenloop

Middenloop

Benedenloop

Delta

0

Dunes

Door de wind opgewaaide zandheuvel.

Door de wind opgewaaide zandheuvel.

Start-up exercise

Last lesson we discussed dunes. Have you ever visited a coastline that looked different from the Dutch coast? What did it look like? How do you think it was formed?

Delta

New land formed by sedimentation where the river meets the sea

Nieuw land in zee dat ontstaat door sedimentatie waar een rivier in zee uitmondt.

Estuary

Funnelshaped mouth of a river 

Delta

Estuary

Start-up exercise

Who of you owns a rock or mineral?

Many tourists collect them. Do you know the name? 

Google one and send the picture in

Do you own a rock or mineral. Which one?

Sedimentary rock

Rock that consists of layers of compressed 

sediment

- sand --> sandstone

- clay --> shale

- shells --> limestone 

Lets take a closer look at the life of Mr Rock. 

Mr Rock was born 500 million years ago when a volcano erputed

Mr Rock cooled down and sollidified. He became an igneous rock. 

This is Mr Rock with his family. 

Mr Rock is chilling his life away as part of a mountain. 

But then, the sun, rain and ice destroy his purpose 

• Mr Rock breaks apart due to..
• = weathering

• In the river he causes erosion. He grinds away other material.
• Eventually this material is being deposited in the ocean. > sedimentation 
  

The pieces of MR Rock end up in a river. 

Lots of sedimentation is happening in the ocean.

• the deposited material is compressed into a new rocktype: sedimentary rock. 
  

Sedimentation keeps on going and more and more layers of sediment deposit on top of Mr Rock. 

• Mr Rock is pushed down closer to the mantle of the earth 
  

Mr Rock is getting very hot here. There is also quite a lot of pressure on top of him. 

• Due to the heat and pressure he transforms into a metamorphic rock. 

The layers of rock were Mr Rock was in is pushed into a subductionzone. 

• At a depth of about 100km Mr Rock starts to melt. 
  

• after a while, his life starts again.. 

• Mr Rocks life story is an example of the rock cycle
  

Find a photo of each rocktype and place it here. Also add the name of the rocktype and the name of the rock

Write down one element of par 1.4 that you found difficult.

How are you going to try to overcome this issue? (What can you do to make it less difficult, be specific)