Y3-THV3-Lesson 11 GKR

Homeostasis, Health & Disease
Lesson 11
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Homeostasis, Health & Disease
Lesson 11

Slide 1 - Diapositive

This lesson
  • Innate immunity
  • Progress Pathogen project

Slide 2 - Diapositive

PATHOGENS PROJECT
  • How are you doing?
  • Any questions so far?

Do not forget:
  • Start writing your final report
  • Submission date: October 25th 

Slide 3 - Diapositive

Learning goals
  • I understand the difference in innate and adaptive immune system
  • I understand the difference in specific and aspecific immune system
  • I can explain what barriers in the human body contribute to immunity
  • I can explain how phagocytes contribute to immunity

Slide 4 - Diapositive

Keywords
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Barrier function
  • Phagocyte
  • Phagocytosis
  • Lymphatic system
  • Lymph nodes 

Slide 5 - Diapositive

Innate immunesystem

Innate immune system:
Parts of the immune system that are present from birth

Slide 6 - Diapositive

Adaptive immunesystem

Adaptive immune system:
Parts and processes of the immune system that are changing based on previous experiences

Slide 7 - Diapositive

Lines of defence

Immune system counters attacks from pathogens in three lines of defense:

  1. Barriers: keeping the pathogens out
  2. Phagocytes: attacking and wiping out invaded pathogens 
  3. Lymphocytes: learning from phagocytes how to specifically and effectively kill a certain type of pathogen

Slide 8 - Diapositive

Slide 9 - Vidéo

Slide 10 - Vidéo

Lines of defence

Slide 11 - Diapositive

Line 1: Barriers


Keeping pathogens out






Mechanical: Physical blockages preventing pathogens from entering the body
Chemical: Attacking pathogens by means of antimicrobial molecules
  • skin
  • mucosal membranes
  • stomach acid
  • antibacterial proteins

Slide 12 - Diapositive

Line 1: Barriers
Mechanical Barriers           vs           Chemical Barriers
Physical blockages preventing pathogens from entering the body



Attacking pathogens by means of antimicrobial molecules

Slide 13 - Diapositive

0

Slide 14 - Vidéo

Line 2: Phagocytes

Phagocytes are able to perform phagocytosis




Slide 15 - Diapositive

Line 2: Phagocytes


Phagocytes are able to perform phagocytosis and to present parts of the pathogen to the adaptive immune system




Slide 16 - Diapositive

Different types of phagocytes


Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Phagocytes that display parts of pathogen on there membranes for display and presentation
Phagocytes that patrol in tissues and kill off pathogens. They can be controlled by lymphocytes (line 3)
Phagocytes that kill off pathogens by killing themselves

Slide 17 - Diapositive

Overview of line 2

Line 1 fails: pathogens invade the body
Surviving tissue cells call for help
Macrophages start to devour pathogens and send out signs
Neutrophils arrive and join the battle. They massively kill off the pathogens and themselves
Proteins of the complement system start to kill pathogens by perforating them
Dendritic cells display parts of the pathogens on their membranes and travel to the lymph nodes
Activation of defence line 3: the adaptive immune system - the lymphocytes

Slide 18 - Diapositive

Lymphatic system
Sewage system of the body
  • Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and thymus
  • drained tissue fluid is sent to lymph nodes for screening
  • here the dendritic cell presents its pathogen parts (antigens)

Slide 19 - Diapositive

Inflamation
A reaction from the tissue to the signaling molecules

Slide 20 - Diapositive

A concept map

A concept map adds descriptions to links between two terms

Slide 21 - Diapositive

To what part of the immune system do these lines of defence belong?
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system
Barriers
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes

Slide 22 - Question de remorquage

As part of innate immunity, the human body utilises mechanical and chemical immunity.
Which of the following is an example of chemical immunity?
A
Skin
B
Fluid flow in the urinary tracht
C
Stomach acid
D
Mucosal layer in the vagina

Slide 23 - Quiz

Explain how washing your skin with soap regularly is countering your immunity.

Slide 24 - Question ouverte

1
2
3
Surviving tissue cells are sending out distress molecules
Macrophages respond and start to devour the pathogens. They also send out other alarm molecules
Neutrophils respond and leave the blood vessels. They attack the pathogen by releasing toxic molecules and they kill themselves off

Slide 25 - Question de remorquage

Inflammation causes a lot of discomfort. Still it is very useful: for what purpose does tissue get inflamed?

Slide 26 - Question ouverte

What is the main 'ingredient' of pus?
A
pathogens
B
macrophages
C
neutrophils

Slide 27 - Quiz

Learning goals
  • I understand the difference in innate and adaptive immune system
  • I understand the difference in specific and aspecific immune system
  • I can explain what barriers in the human body contribute to immunity
  • I can explain how phagocytes contribute to immunity

Slide 28 - Diapositive

Keywords
  • Innate immunity
  • Adaptive immunity
  • Barrier function
  • Phagocyte
  • Phagocytosis
  • Lymphatic system
  • Lymph nodes 

Slide 29 - Diapositive

Homework for next time
  • Study glossarie "YR3_CH10_HW 10" on StudyGo
  • Work on the final report of the Pathogen Project

Slide 30 - Diapositive