English Renaissance

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English Renaissance

• 1485-1558 Tudor England
• 1558-1603 Elizabethan England
• 1603-1625 James I
• 1629- 1649 Charles I
  
• 1641 - 1649 English Civil War : Charles I vs Parliament (Oliver Cromwell)

Oliver Cromwell

Led the Parliamentarians to victory, ruled with an iron fist. Was well-connected in Europe.

He was a strict Puritan.

After his death, the Republic fell apart.

Charles I

Waged expensive wars, kept taxing his population.

Believed in divine rule. Parliament disagreed.

In the end, was defeated, convicted and executed.

The Commonwealth 

• Oliver Cromwell
  
• Lord Protector of the Commonwealth (1645 – 1658)
  
• Puritan Revolution

What happened to Charles I?

1. He was beheaded
2. He was sent into exile
3. He was murdered
4. he was hanged

Restoration period 1660-1700

• King Charles II returns (May 1660)
  
• Disasters: Bubonic Plague (1665), Anglo-Dutch Wars, Great Fire of London (1666)
  
• 1685: Charles II dies, James II (Catholic) succeeds.
  
• 1688: Glorious revolution: William III and Mary co-regency.
  

The Glorious Revolution of November 1688 was the deposition of James II, king of England, Scotland and Ireland and replacement by his daughter Mary II and her husband, William III of Orange, stadtholder of the Dutch Republic.

Northern Protestants

12 July

Write down all kings/leaders and their faith. 

While you watch the next video... 

James II

King Charles I

King Charles II

Oliver Cromwell

William + Mary

1685-1688

Puritan

Catholic

Protestant

1649-1658

1660-1685

co-regency

beheaded

Restoration Literature

• During Cromwell (Puritan) theatres were closed (immoral and unholy)
  
• Restoration: revival of the theatre, but French-style: mostly comedies, aimed at nobles and courtiers, whereas Shakespeare wrote plays for people of all social ranks.
  
• Shakespeare’s plays were much more refined, Restoration drama lacked depth and was rather vulgar.
  
• Newspapers
  
• Diaries
  

Do you keep a diary?

Yes

sometimes

no

I used to, but not anymore

Diary: types

• Personal diary
  
• Travel diary
  
• Diet diary
  
• Sport diary
  
• Health diary
  
• Diaries can be fictional (made up) and non-fictional (real) 

2. non-fiction (real fact)

• diaries
• journal
• essays
• article
• (auto)biography

Kinds of prose

Fiction (imagination)

• folktale 
• short story
• novel

Non-fiction (real fact)

• diaries
  
• journal
  
• essays
  
• article
  
• (auto)biography

Important diaries

17th century  London was described in a personal way by Samuel Pepys. He wrote about personal matters, daily life, food, entertainment. Because of his diaries we know a lot about what life was like during the RESTORATION.

Samuel Pepys (1633 – 1703)

• Writes his diaries between 1660 and 1669
  
• Simple background
  
• Studied at Cambridge (scholarship)
  
• Career in Admiralty: "Saviour of the Navy". 
• Ill health, which caused him to stop writing (bad eyesight)
  
• No children
  
• Wrote his diaries in code
  

Page 9

Passage from The Diary of Samuel Pepys

Read lines 1-11

Who has the largest fleet?
(number of ships)

1. England
2. Holland

Who has the upper hand in this stage of the battle?

1. The English
2. The Dutch
3. Neither

Page 9

Passage from The Diary of Samuel Pepys

we skip lines 12-30. 

Read lines 31-37

Who is the king mentioned in this fragment?

1. King Henry VIII
2. King Charles I
3. King Charles II
4. King James II

In what frame of mind is the king in this episode?

1. cheerful
2. gloomy
3. hesitant
4. relieved

Was his cheerfulness appropriate?

1. Yes
2. No

Page 9

Passage from The Diary of Samuel Pepys

we skip lines 38-70. 

Read lines 71-87

Good or bad news for the English?

1. Good news: half of the Dutch fleet has sunk.
2. Bad news: half of the English fleet has sunk.
3. Good news: some Dutch ships fled the battle.
4. Bad news: Sir Mings is wounded in the leg.

Good or bad news for the English?

1. Good news: half of the Dutch fleet has sunk.
2. Bad news: half of the English fleet has sunk.
3. Good news: some Dutch ships fled the battle.
4. Bad news: Sir Mings is wounded in the leg.

How did people react to the news?

1. neutral: the war wasn't over yet.
2. jubilant
3. They didn't react: they were in church.

What do we learn about Pepys in the final lines? (99-102)

1. His eye for female beauty.
2. He likes to party
3. He is lazy.

en.wikipedia.org

2nd Anglo-Dutch War

A surprise attack in June 1667, the Raid on the Medway, on the English fleet in its home port arguably won the war for the Dutch; it is considered to be one of the most humiliating defeats in British military history. A flotilla of ships led by Admiral de Ruyter sailed up the Thames Estuary, broke through the defences guarding Chatham Harbour, set fire to ships of the English fleet moored there, and towed away HMS Unity and the Royal Charles, the pride of the English fleet. Also in June 1667, the Dutch sailed a vessel from New Amsterdam into what is now Hampton Roads, Virginia, destroying a British ship in the harbour and attacking its fort.

• 1a The Dutch fleet is considerably larger than that of the English (90 to 60)
  
• b The outcome of the battles varied somewhat: the English had the upper hand in the early stages, despite having fewer vessels; then the Dutch proceeded chasing after the English.
• 2 He divided his fleet into 2 squadrons comprising 40 and 30 vessels.
  
• 3a Cheerful (mightily pleased)
  
• b Lines 34 to 35: the account he did give him of the fight and the success it ended with.
  
• c Incorrect. Lines 36 to 37: though it did seem …the Duke gave way again and again.

Answers to the assignments on Pepys

• 4 Line 46 (all are doubtful of the success)
• 5 Depressed. News arrived of heavy losses 
• 6 News of the fleet’s successes had been expected.
  
• 7 That the Dutch fleet had been chased, and half its vessels (including several flagships) sunk.
  
• 8 Everyone was jubilant (rejoyces over head and ears in this good news). Pepys quoted that even a church service was interrupted. 
• 9 His eye for female beauty!
  
• 10 Compact style; businesslike, almost journalistic.

Answers to the assignments on Pepys

Answers to Internet assignments on Pepys

1 Four

2a 1652 to 1654

b 1665 to 1667

c 1672 to 1674

d 1780 to 1784

3 Economic power

4 Raid on the Medway. In June 1667, De Ruyter and his fleet sailed up the Thames and the Medway.

The fleet broke a barricade (at Chatham) and returned to Holland with the English flagship as spoils.