CH3 sec. 3.3 1848: Year of Revolution

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 2

Memo hm 2 TTO

CH3 The age of citizens and steam engines

The industrial revolution

3.3. 1848: Year of Revolution

Industrial Revolution

1750-1850

A major turning point in world history

What doesn't match the working conditions of the workers?

1. Low wages
2. Long working days
3. Filthy streets, no sewers and no clean drinking water.
4. Protesting or demonstrating made little difference. You'd get fired.

What doesn't match the living conditions of the workers?

1. Workers did not grow old.
2. Cholera and other contagious diseases
3. Air pollution because the houses were near the factories.
4. Work in the factory was dangerous and unhealthy.

Which groups did the industrial society consist of?

1. Wealthy citizens, farmers, workers
2. Wealthy citizens, middle class, workers
3. Wealthy citizens, middle class, slaves
4. Middle class, farmers, slaves

Who would help you if you were a poor worker in the 19th century?

1. government, Church and rich citizens
2. government, Church and family
3. government, rich citizens and family
4. Family, Church and rich citizens

How did workers try to improve their situation?

1. They started a revolution.
2. They demonstrated and organised strikes.
3. They set up political parties.

What's not a way in which socialists tried to solve the social issue?

1. They set up political parties.
2. They fought for limited suffrage.
3. They made social laws together with the liberals.
4. They fought for universal suffrage (for men).

Learning objectives

Learning objectives 3.3

1) I can explain how the Netherlands was governed between 1815 and 1848.

2) I can explain what conservatism is.

3) I can explain why there was a new constitution in 1848.

4) I can explain what changed in the administration of the Netherlands because of the constitution of 1848.

5) I can explain how the constitution of 1848 affected the king's power.

Kingdom of the Netherlands

1795 Stadholder Willem V fled to England.

1813 Return of Willem VI.

1815 Kingdom of the Netherlands, ruled by king Willem I of Oranje-Nassau.

Included the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg.

1830 Belgian Revolt. Belgium becomes independent.

Kingdom of the Netherlands

1815 Kingdom of the Netherlands became a constitutional monarchy. 

King is limited by the rules of the constitution.

• Constitution gave the king a lot power.
• Constitution gave citizens fundamental rights.
• The kingdom was not a democracy.

King Willem I (1815-1840) ruled alone as much as possible. He was a conservative. Against political change (ideas about participation and freedom).

Which present-day countries did the United Kingdom of the Netherlands consist of?

1. Belgium, Cologne, Netherlands
2. Cologne, Luxemburg, Netherlands
3. Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands

What matches a constitutional monarchy?

1. absolutism
2. dictatorship
3. king's power is limited by the constitution
4. king's power is limited by the nobility

The liberals

Enlightenment and French Revolution had led to new political movement: liberalism

Liberals wanted as much freedom as possible for the citizens and a say in government.

• Represented the bourgeoisie (rich citizens)
• Fundamental rights (freedom of speech and participation in administration)
  
  
• Right to vote for men who owned property (only rich men)
• Economic freedom (capitalism), fewer rules and regulations would make economy grow.
  

Constitution of 1848

King William II (1840-1849) was more modern than William I.

In 1848 revolution broke out in France and in other European countries there were protests as well.

King William II was afraid of violence and radical reform. Commisioned Thorbecke to draft a new constitution. Renewal of administration. King remained on the throne, but lost power.

Constitution of 1848

Two important changes :

• Members of parliament were elected every four years by a small group of rich men. They received the right to vote . Netherlands wasn't a true democracy yet.
• Governing became the ministers' duty and the minister was responsible (ministerial responsibility), not the king.

The Netherlands became a parliamentary democracy: a democracy in which an elected parliament is the highest authority, not the king.

What changed in the constitution of 1848? 2 answers correct.

1. Governing became the kings' duty and the king was responsible
2. parliament is appointed by the king
3. Governing became the ministers' duty and the minister was responsible
4. parliament is elected by rich citizens

What matches a parliamentary democracy? 2 answers correct.

1. parliament is appointed by the king
2. king has less power than parliament
3. parliament is elected by rich citizens
4. king has more power than parliament

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.