Unit 1 : Sections 1+2

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

Grammar and Vocabulary

UNIT 1: Problem tenses

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page 17 The Basics

1. Uses of perfect tenses - Present Perfect

• present perfect simple 
• have/has + volt dlw (ww +ed/3e rij). 
• I have forgotten my key. 

• present perfect continuous
• have/has + been + ww + ing
• I have been waiting here for an hour. 

page 17 The Basics

1. Uses of perfect tenses - Present Perfect

• In het verleden begonnen en nog steeds bezig. 
• I have lived in R'dam for 12 years. 

• In het verleden zonder exacte tijdsbepaling. 
• I have discovered the truth about his guinea pig. 

• In het verleden gebeurt, resultaat nu merkbaar of belangrijk. 
• She has been running for hours, she is exhausted. 

• Pas geleden/onlangs
• you have just missed him. 

page 17 The Basics

1. Uses of perfect tenses - Present Perfect

We often use present perfect with these words: 

for / just (zojuist) / already / since / ever / never / today / this week / for ages / still (nog steeds) / yet (nog niet)/ of late 

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Unit 1 - Section 1. Present perfect.

1. Uses with other present tenses

• guess / imagine / suppose etc + present perfect 
• I reckon Gloria has been held up in traffic. 

• This is / It's / That's the first... time etc. 
• This is the first time he's been late. 

• unusual / unique event 
• I've never met anybody who is so absent-minded

• comment on present result (appear / seem / sound)
• He sounds as if he has run all the way here. 

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Unit 1 - Section 1 - Present perfect.

2. Uses with past tenses

• afgeronde gebeurtenis in het verleden (past simple) + gebeurtenis die vervolgens doorgaat (present perfect).
• Since he had that warning he has been more careful.  

• omschrijven van gevoelens / gedachtes (present perfect)  over een afgeronde gebeurtenis in het verleden (past simple). 
• I have often wondered why he decided to become cop. 

I haven't seen Peter since he .... seeing his new girlfriend. (page 19)

1. begins
2. began
3. has begun
4. had begun

Since he's lived here, he ... extremely friendly. (page 19)

1. is
2. was
3. has been
4. had been

2. The chief inspector ... (solve) the mystery, so we can start making arrests. (selftest)

1. has solved
2. solved
3. has been solving
4. had solved

3. You ... (work) on your essay for hours and you must be tired, so you’d better continue tomorrow. (selftest)

1. had been working
2. have been working,
3. have worked
4. worked

I .... (think) about it so now I know what I’m going to do.

1. thought
2. have thought
3. have been thinking
4. had been thinking

7. We ... (work) on this project off and on and hopefully it will be finished before the deadline. (selftest)

1. worked
2. have worked
3. have been working
4. had worked

9. Investigations to date ... (not produce) any evidence of unusual phenomena in the region. (selftest)

1. didn't produce
2. have not been producing
3. have not produced
4. had not been producing

I can now use the Present Perfect

1. Yes
2. No
3. Not sure yet..

Any questions about your homework page 19?

Past Perfect

Had + voltooid deelwoord

1. I watched TV after I had done my homework.
   
2. After he had signed a contract, he started his training again.
   

page 17 The Basics

1. Uses of perfect tenses - Past perfect

• past perfect simple 
• had + volt dlw (ww +ed/3e rij). 
• Iets dat gebeurde voor een andere gebeurtenis in het verleden. 
• She stayed up all night because she had received bad news.

• past perfect continuous
• had + been + ww + ing
• I had been waiting here for an hour. 
• Iets dat bezig was voor een andere gebeurtenis in het verleden. 
• All day I had been feeling nervous but the feeling vanished as soon as I saw her. 

Complete the sentence; use the past simple and the past perfect. 

They                   caviar last night; they                         caviar before.

eaten

never had

ate

had never had

Yesterday a boy                                the snowman that we

had destroyed

destroyed

had built

built

They ________ (show) me the pictures they ________ (take) during their holiday.

1. had shown - took
2. showed - had taken

The man_______ (be) sorry for what he ______ (do).

1. had been - did
2. was - had done

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Unit 1 - Section 2 

1 Past Perfect 

• Stap verder terug in het verleden
• Als volgorde duidelijk is mag ook past simple (ww +ed / 2e rij)
• e.g. I killed my fish after it bit / had bitten my pinky finger
• Als volgorde anders onduidelijk wordt: past perfect
• e.g. When I bought the fish, it had bitten several people.

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Unit 1 - Section 2

1 Past Perfect 

Special case: before

Een handeling / actie (past simple) zorgt ervoor dat iets anders niet kon gebeuren (past perfect).

• E.g. I took Hannibal from the aquarium before 

it had had the opportuniy to attack other fish.

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Unit 1 - Section 2

1 Past Perfect 

Unfulfilled plans

• I had hoped to put Hannibal into the bowl with the other fish but he was just too aggressive.
  
• I had intended to teach him a lesson by putting him into isolation but it didn’t work.
  
• I had expected …
  

I was completely broke, because...

I was fired last week, because...

I can now use the Past Perfect

1. Yes
2. No
3. Not sure yet..

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Unit 1 - Section 3

2 past continuous for plans: 

• was/were + ww + ing: Plannen in het verleden

E.g. we were having dinner at eight but I was stuck in traffic.

• “was going to”: voor plannen die we niet hebben gedaan of niet langer willen doen.
  

E.g. I was going to travel to Spain but then Corona happened.

• “I was thinking”: vage toekomst plannen
  

E.g. I was thinking of adopting a puppy.

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Unit 1 - Section 3

3. past continuous for polite request: 

Beleefde verzoeken, suggesties, vragen

• I was thinking – would you like to go out?
  
• I was wondering if you wanted to go out?
• Were you looking for anything in particular?

LET OP! 

Niet: I was thinking if / I was thinking whether

Wel: I was wondering if / I was wondering whether

repeated action

plans you no longer have

vague future plans

polite suggestion

emphasising the continuity

I was going to try to finish this this evening. 

I was wondering whether you'd thought of going to see that new film? 

He was blinking rapidly in the sunlight. 

I was thinking of meeting Suzy later. 

I've been tinking a lot about your idea.

Match the tenses to the sentences

Past perfect simple

Past simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect / Past Simple / Past Continuous?


I ... (enjoy) the sun last Sunday.

1. enjoyed
2. have enjoyed
3. had enjoyed
4. had been enjoying

I failed my test because I ............... for it at all.

1. studied
2. have studied
3. hadn't studied
4. hadn't been studying

By 2050
Many people ... on the moon

1. will be living
2. will have lived

2. "My train _____ (depart) at 17:30."

1. departs
2. is departing
3. is going to depart
4. will depart

1. "They _____ (fly) to New York tomorrow evening."

1. fly
2. are flying
3. are going to fly
4. will fly

3. "I hope the weather ____ (be) nice."

1. is
2. is being
3. is going to be
4. will be

7. "I _____ (study) abroad after I finish high school."

1. study
2. am studying
3. am going to study
4. will study

9. "Do you think Yara _____ (come) to your party as well?"

1. comes
2. is coming
3. is going to come
4. will come

8. "My grandparents _____ (visit) us at Christmas this year."

1. visit
2. are visiting
3. are going to visit
4. will visit

11. I ______ to New York as soon as I have enough money.

1. travel
2. am travelling
3. am going to travel
4. will travel