emphasis: fronting cleft sentences adverbs rel pronouns

What is "emphasis" and how can you emphasize something when you speak?
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Slide 1: Question ouverte
EngelsMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 4

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What is "emphasis" and how can you emphasize something when you speak?

Slide 1 - Question ouverte

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Slide 2 - Diapositive

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Emphasis
to emphasize
to highlight
to stress

Slide 3 - Diapositive

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Emphasis in Writing
Cleft Sentences
Fronting
Inversion

Slide 4 - Diapositive

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Slide 5 - Vidéo

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Emphasis - Cleft Sentences
1. Cleft sentences: A single message is divided in two clauses, the information that is emphasised is in the it or what part of the sentence.
  • It-Clefts
  • Wh-Clefts
ex 1: What really annoyed me about him is his dishonest attitude.
ex 2: What attracted my attention was a familiar face on the book cover.

Slide 6 - Diapositive

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Emphasis: Cleft Sentences
  • It + is/was + (that):

  I like good marks but I hate studying for my tests  

 I like good marks, but it is studying for my tests that I hate.

  • All/The last thing + subject + verb + is/was:

 My students (don't) need a good mark to make my day

All (/The last thing) my students need is a good mark to make my day.

Slide 7 - Diapositive

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Emphasis : Cleft Sentences
  • What + Subject + auxiliary verb + is/was + infinitive :

They eat chocolate cake for breakfast every morning

What they do is (to) eat chocolate cake for breakfast every morning .

  • What + Subject + main verb + is/was + to infinitive

I want to find a good house to live in

What I want is to find a good house to live in.


Slide 8 - Diapositive

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Cleft Sentences - practice
They often start with what or it

They bought things online.
Pete paid for our flight.

Change these sentences so that you emphasis the underlined word(S).

Slide 9 - Diapositive

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They bought things online.

Slide 10 - Question ouverte

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Pete paid for our flight.

Slide 11 - Question ouverte

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En nu andersom; verwijder de emphasis.

Slide 12 - Diapositive

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The reason why I'm phoning you is to say congratulations.

Slide 13 - Question ouverte

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What I decided to do was to write a letter of complaint.

Slide 14 - Question ouverte

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Slide 15 - Vidéo

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Emphasis in writing: Fronting
  • Fronting: the Compliment or Direct Object is put before the Subject of the sentence:


Happy I was not until I won the lottery.

(I was not happy until I won the lottery)


I started eating chocolate 30 years ago. Cake I did not start to eat until last week.

Slide 16 - Diapositive

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Emphasis: Fronting
  • Subordinate clause before the main clause:

Because he had not studied, he failed the exam.

  • Preposition and adverb phrases before the Subject:

Despite the high costs, many people go on holidays.

  • Verb before the subject afetr a linking word of sequence:

First came the warm wind and then, finally, came the Spring.

Slide 17 - Diapositive

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Move some of the sentence to the front to create emphasis:
Mr Tip was asking us to pull out our iPads before we could even sit down.

Slide 18 - Question ouverte

Eventueel kan ook:
The reason why he was so angry with you is because you ignored him for a week.

because is dan 'redundant' maar grammaticaal WEL acceptabel. 
Move some of the sentence to the front to create emphasis:
Suddenly, a tiger appeared from nowhere.

Slide 19 - Question ouverte

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Slide 20 - Diapositive

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Slide 21 - Vidéo

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Inversion is used to create special emphasis.
When we use a negative adverb or adverb phrase at the beginning of the sentence instead of in its normal place.

Normal:
I have seldom seen such beautiful work.
Special emphasis:
Seldom have I seen such beautiful work.

Slide 22 - Diapositive

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+ Third conditional

Slide 23 - Diapositive

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Pick the correct emphatic version of this sentence:

"This has been my home for twenty years."
A
My home this is for twenty years
B
This my home is for twenty years
C
My home this has been for twenty years
D
This my home has been for twenty years

Slide 24 - Quiz

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Pick the correct emphatic version of this sentence:

"The CEO of the company called me personally."
A
I was called by the CEO of the company personally.
B
It was the CEO of the company who called me personally.
C
Personally the CEO of the company has called me.
D
It was the CEO of the company, personally, who did call me

Slide 25 - Quiz

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Pick the correct emphatic version of this sentence:

"The students never study for their tests."

A
What the students never do is study for their tests
B
What the students never do has been studying for their tests
C
It is studying for their tests that the students never do.
D
For their tests the students are never studying.

Slide 26 - Quiz

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Pick the correct emphatic version of this sentence:

"Children have to eat vitamins during winter."
A
What the children needed to have done is eating vitamins during winter
B
It is eating vitamins that the children have to do during winter
C
During winter children have to eat vitamins
D
What the children have to do is eat vitamins during winter

Slide 27 - Quiz

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Use inversion to create the correct emphatic sentence:
I in no way want to be associated with this project.

Slide 28 - Question ouverte

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Use inversion to create the correct emphatic sentence: They had no sooner eaten dinner than the ceiling crashed onto the dining table.

Slide 29 - Question ouverte

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Use inversion to create the correct emphatic sentence: We would understand what had happened that night only later.

Slide 30 - Question ouverte

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Use inversion to create the correct emphatic sentence: The children should on no account go on their own.

Slide 31 - Question ouverte

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Delete the emphasis: It was last weekend that Pete had his bike repaired.

Slide 32 - Question ouverte

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Delete the emphasis: The last thing I was expecting was to lose my job.

Slide 33 - Question ouverte

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Which of the following sentences uses emphasis by fronting?
A
She found a flower in the beautiful garden.
B
She found a flower, which was beautiful, in the garden.
C
She found a beautiful flower in the garden.
D
In the garden, she found a beautiful flower.

Slide 34 - Quiz

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Use fronting: He became very afraid all of a sudden.

Slide 35 - Question ouverte

Eventueel kan ook:
The reason why he was so angry with you is because you ignored him for a week.

because is dan 'redundant' maar grammaticaal WEL acceptabel. 
Use fronting: Dick Schreuder was right in front of me!

Slide 36 - Question ouverte

Eventueel kan ook:
The reason why he was so angry with you is because you ignored him for a week.

because is dan 'redundant' maar grammaticaal WEL acceptabel. 
Use fronting: She usually goes to a museum at weekends.

Slide 37 - Question ouverte

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What do you think is the easiest part of emphatic grammar?

Slide 38 - Carte mentale

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What do you think is the hardest part of emphatic grammar?

Slide 39 - Carte mentale

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