emphasis: fronting cleft sentences adverbs rel pronouns

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Emphasis in writing: Fronting

• Fronting: the Compliment or Direct Object is put before the Subject of the sentence:

Happy I was not until I won the lottery.

(I was not happy until I won the lottery)

I started eating chocolate 30 years ago. Cake I did not start to eat until last week.

Emphasis: Fronting

• Subordinate clause before the main clause:

Because he had not studied, he failed the exam.

• Preposition and adverb phrases before the Subject:

Despite the high costs, many people go on holidays.

• Verb before the subject afetr a linking word of sequence:

First came the warm wind and then, finally, came the Spring.

Emphasis : Cleft Sentences

• What + Subject + auxiliary verb + is/was + infinitive :

They eat chocolate cake for breakfast every morning →

What they do is (to) eat chocolate cake for breakfast every morning .

• What + Subject + main verb + is/was + to infinitive

I want to find a good house to live in →

What I want is to find a good house to live in.

Emphasis: Cleft Sentences

• It + is/was + (that):

  I like good marks but I hate studying for my tests  →

 I like good marks, but it is studying for my tests that I hate.

• All/The last thing + subject + verb + is/was:

 My students (don't) need a good mark to make my day →

All (/The last thing) my students need is a good mark to make my day.

Emphasis: Adverbs & Reflexive pronouns

• Adverbs:

George, finally, finished his task

Frederic, personally, does not need a wife to make him happy.

• Reflexive pronouns:

The Queen herself called me last night

So what do you know about emphasis and cleft sentences?

The following sentence is put in an emphatic construction: choose the correct one:

"This has been my home for twenty years."

1. My home this is for twenty years
2. This my home is for twenty years
3. My home this has been for twenty years
4. This my home has been for twenty years

The following sentence is put in an emphatic construction: choose the correct one:

"The CEO of the company called me personally."

1. I was called by the CEO of the company personally.
2. It was the CEO of the company who called me personally.
3. Personally the CEO of the company has called me.
4. It was the CEO of the company, personally, who did call me

The following sentence is put in an emphatic construction: choose the correct one:

"The students never study for their tests."

1. What the students never do is study for their tests
2. What the students never do has been studying for their tests
3. It is studying for their tests that the students never do.
4. For their tests the students are never studying.

The following sentence is put in an emphatic construction: choose the correct one:

"Children have to eat vitamins during winter."

1. What the children needed to have done is eating vitamins during winter
2. It is eating vitamins that the children have to do during winter
3. During winter children have to eat vitamins
4. What the children have to do is eat vitamins during winter