16-06 Review

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Welcome!

- Today we will do a review lesson

- Please Login to the LessonUp because we will need that for this lesson

What do you need to know for the test?

•  21st of June 7+8
• Check your planner:
  
• Grammar Unit 2: Past Simple + irregular verbs, Past Perfect, Past continuous, Adverbs, Adjectives & Comparisons
  
• Grammar Unit 4: Auxiliaries & Word Order
  
• Vocabulary Unit 2 All boxes
• No expressions!
  

Welk onderdeel is nog moeilijk?

Past simple/past perfect/past continuous

Adjectives & Adverbs

Comparisons

Auxilliaries (can/may/might/should/must)

Word order

I'm fine!

Review time

•  Go sit in groups: Every table/group stands for a certain part of the grammar
• Go over the grammar together and try to explain it to one another
• If you are alone at a table I will come help
• If you need help or have a question raise your hand
• After 5-10 minutes you can change groups
  
• If you do not want to review together you can study on your own (use the LessonUps, Test Jezelf, Versterk Jezelf, Vocab)
  

Is er iets waar je graag nog klassikaal uitleg over wilt?

Past simple/past perfect/past continuous

Adjectives & Adverbs

Comparisons

Auxilliaries (can/may/might/should/must)

Word order

I don't need extra explanation

Past simple

- Onvoltooid verleden tijd
- Verb + ed/irregular
- There often is an indication of time in the sentence
Example: Yesterday, I worked in the garden

Watch out: To enjoy -> enjoyed but, to rely -> relied

Watch out: to stop -> stopped but, to listen -> listened

Past Simple

- Used to / would
- I used to/would read a lot, but nowadays I usually watch TV.
- When do we use used to/would?
- What is the difference with this sentence?
- This used to be a school, but now it's a gym.
Negative sentence: I didn't use to like rap, but now I do.

Past Continuous

• At 11 o'clock I was still doing my homework.

• When they were cycling home, they had an accident. 

•  Form: Was/were + verb + ing

•     When to use: Something was happening in the past, or something was happening, but it was interupted (past continuous + past simple)
  

Past Perfect

•  Had + voltooid deelwoord: I had slept

• Wanneer de ene handeling was afgelopen toen de andere begon: When he got to the gate, his plane had taken off.
  
• Als een moment/handeling/toestand al een tijd duurde: When I started my study, I had worked in a bar for six years
• Conditionals (if ....): If they had left earlier, they might have caught the plane
• Indirect speech: He told me that he hadn't seen her
  

Adjectives

•  Bijvoeglijke naamwoorden en bijwoorden
• "Wat voor...? The view was wonderful/they are good musicians
• Bijvoeglijke naamwoorden met een getal schrijf je met streepjes ertussen. Geen meervouds-s.
  
• an eight-year-old boy.
  
• a 30-minute walk
  

Adverbs

- Bijwoorden zeggen iets over een werkwoord/bijvoegelijk naamwoord/bijwoord/hele zin
- Stel de vraag Hoe..?
- Example: They played badly (Hoe speelden ze?)
- He was terribly disappointed (Hoe teleurgesteld?)
- She sings extremely beautifully (Hoe mooi?)
- Surely, that was a mistake (zegt iets over hele zin)

Spelling of Adverbs

•  Add -ly
• But watch out: beautiful -> beautifully, easy -> easily, probable-> probably
• Good -> well!
• It is a good product. It sells well.
• Check page 66/67 of your little Of Course book as well!
  

Comparisons

- Zet -er/-est achter een bijvoegelijk naamwoord
- Cheap, cheaper (than), cheapest
- Als het bijvoegelijk naamwoord eindigt op -y wordt het -i
- Easy, easier, easiest
- Bijvoegelijk naamwoord met meer dan 3 lettergrepen? Of een bijwoord?
- Beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful
- Quietly, more quietly, most quietly

Comparisons

- Soms mag je of more/most en -er/-est gebruiken:
1. Common, cruel, handsome, likely, pleasant, polite, quiet, simple, stupid.
2. Bij tweelettergrepige woorden die eindigen op -le, -er, -ow
- Simple -> simpler/more simple simplest/most simple

- Clever -> cleverer/more clever cleverest/most clever

• Check page 69 for irregular comparisons!
  

Auxilliaries: can/could

    You can use can/could/be able to when you have a the ability to do something:
"I can help help her/I could help her/I was able to help her. "
   You can also use can/could when something is possible:
"I can be cold in here"
"It could rain tomorrow"You can use could have when something was possible in the past, but it did not happen:
"You could have phoned me"

Auxilliaries: Be allowed/may/might

   You can use be allowed, may and might to show or ask for permission.
"I'm allowed to buy a new bike"
"You may look around"
"Might I open the window?
    May and might can also signal possibility.
"What he says may be true" and "He might be at home"
You can use might have for something that could have been possible in the past but that did not happen
"You might have fallen!"

Auxilliaries: Must/have (got) to and should

    Must, have (got) to and should can signal obligation.
    Must and have (got) to are strong, almost like an order:
" I must do my homework" and "You have (got) to do your homework"
    Should is not as strong and can also be used for giving advice:

"I should do my homework"

Must can also be used for a logical result:

"You must be very ill" " He must have forgotten"

Auxiliaries: want, make, would like, mind, willing

These verbs all show to some degree that you want something.
For an assignment or an order you can use want somebody to + infinitive or make somebody + infinitive:
 "He wanted me to write a letter"
"He always makes me work hard"
Make is stronger, it is done by force.

Auxiliaries: would like

     You can use would like + infinitive for a friendly request:

    "I would like you to come, too."

    "Where would you like us to meet?"

Auxiliaries: Mind + Willing

     You can use the verbs to mind and be willing when you are okay to do something.
    Mind + verb + ing: I don't mind helping you
    Or as a question: Do you mind getting that for me?
    Be willing to + infinitive: She is willing to help.
    Or as a question: Are they willing to help us?

Word Order

    First subject than verbs (onderwerp - gezegde)
    All verb go together: "I have told her"
    Indications of time go at the beginning or the end of a sentence: "I talked to him yesterday"
    Indications of place go before indications of time if they both occur in a sentence:
    "We can eat something at the station at 6 o'clock"

Word Order: Wie, doet, wat, waar, wanneer

    Adverbs signalling time: always, never, sometimes often, seldom, usually. + the words: already, soon, almost, also, probably, nearly, certainly go before the verb.
    "I often get headaches when we talk about grammar."
    These words go after the first auxiliary when there are multiple verbs in the sentence:
    She had nearly lost all of her money

Word Order

 However, if there is a form of to be in the sentence? These adverbs are placed after the form of to be:
He was also at the party/We were seldom in our hotel room
In questions these adverbs come after the subject:
Will that band also visit the Hague?
In some instances English switches the subject and the verbs around: Jenny liked him a lot -> So did Kim.

Good luck on the test!