HV4 - Past Perfect

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

Past Perfect

Today

- What is the past perfect?

- When do you use the past perfect?

- When do you use the past simple vs. the past perfect?

BUT FIRST

How do you make the past simple?
write down the formula

How do you make the present perfect?
write down the formula

How do you make the past continuous?
write down the formula

Past perfect

After they ____ (eat) the shellfish, they began to feel sick.

Past Perfect

Had + past participle

I had slept.

She had been.

Past Perfect 1

To show that one action was finished when another began.

• I apologised because I had left my money at home.
• I watched TV after I had done my homework
  

Past Perfect 2

To show that at some point in the past, an action or situation had been going on for a while.

• When I started to work at that supermarket, I had worked in a restaurant for two years.
• They had known each other for six months when they got married.

Past Perfect 3

In if-sentences the Past Perfect is used to explain that present circumstances would be different if something different had happened in the past. These sentences express a condition that was likely enough, but did not actually happen in the past.

• If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.
• If I had cleaned the house, I could have gone to the movies.

Past Perfect 4

Indirect speech: 

• Direct speech: "I didn't see her", he said.
• Indirect speech: He told me (that) he hadn't seen her.

Timeline

Let's practice

Fill the correct form of the verbs into the gaps. Use the past perfect or the past simple.

When I ____ (arrive) at the cinema, the film ____ (already, start).

The lights went off because we _____ (not pay) the electricity bill.

She ____ (watch) a video after the children ____ (go) to bed.

They ____ (ride) their bikes before they ____ (meet) their friends.

Activity

You will be given a situation. Come up with a cause and an effect of the situation, then make a grammatically correct sentence using the past perfect for each. We will do this in groups of 3.

I had a fight with my sister last month

Cause: I had a fight with my sister last month because she had borrowed my bike and scratched it.

Consequence: I had had a fight with my sister, and so I didn't talk to her for three days.

I was very tired.

I was completely broke.

I got lost.

I was fired last week.

Please do ...

Unit 2.4 ex. 16 and 17. Time left? Come and pick up some extra practice material.