H4 Grammar Unit 4

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

Grammar Unit 4   - study/practice in Of Course as well!

• Passive Voice 
• Future Simple 

(Present Simple - the train leaves; 

Present Continuous (I am meeting); 

Going to (Look, he is going to fall -> predication based on evidence; plans); 

Will (future facts/weather forecasts/offer etc. at the moment of speaking/with hope, promise, think etc. -> personal prediction)

• Past Simple (feit in het verleden; kortere actie; bij serie van feiten)
• Past Continuous (was/were + verb + ing -> langere actie in het verleden; was al aan de gang toen iets  tussendoor kwam)
• Prepositions of time  &  others (voorzetsels)
• Woordvolgorde + bijwoorden (SVOPT - subject/verb/object = lv of mv/place/time)
• Relative Pronouns (who, whom + preposition, whose, which (+ preposition), that)
• Genitive (possessive -> om bezit aan te geven: 's / ' / of)
• Prefixes -> woorden met dis-/re-/pre-/over-/inter- etc. =  lesson 4.4 - oef. 7
• Some/Any/Compound (= something/anywhere etc.)

Will (addition)

For questions with I/we -> Shall I/shall we

Future facts

Weather forecasts

Past simple

(verb + ed; 2nd form)

• Feit in het verleden

I took out the garbage yesterday

• Serie feiten in het verleden (>3 )

Yesterday I went to McDonalds, had a hamburger and walked home to enjoy my day off.

Past Continuous
(was/were + verb + ing)

• Langere actie in het verleden; 2 langere acties in het verleden

I was listening to music, while you were taking a shower.

I was reading the entire afternoon yesterday, so relaxing.

• Actie die al aan de gang was in het verleden (de actie die tussendoor komt = past simple)

I was doing the laundry when you called me.

Beschrijving van iets in het verleden

The sun was shining and the birds were singing. It was a beautiful day.

Irritatie (in het verleden

Why were you always nagging about my taste in music when I was young?

's of s' 

Personen 

-> the boy's car  (enkelvoud  = 's)

->  the boys' cars (de auto's van de jongens - elke jongen heeft er 1)  (meervoud eindigend op s = ' -> the boys'/the girls' cars)

-> the boys' car (de jongens hebben 1 auto)

The men's room (Am.) ;  the ladies' room (Am.). (UK: Ladies / Gents)

Namen 

John's car 

The Jones's house / the Jones' house -> namen die eindigen op een "s" klank -> 1)  's OF 2)  ' 

Tijd

Yesterday's newspaper 

Last week's offer

Tomorrow's special

's of s' 

Klassieke namen uit de oudheid eindigend op "s" klank -> '

Jezus' disciples

Socrates' wisdom

Sophocles' plays

But:

Shakespeare's plays

's of s' 

Plaats 

At John's

At my mom's

At the butcher's

At the baker's

Uitdrukkingen

A million dollars' worth of goods

A day's journey

Twenty minutes' delay / a seven hours' walk 

A stone's throw away

At arm's length

A ladies' man

An old wives' tale

For goodness' sake

Difference?

A two hours' walk

A two-hour walk

A year's work

one-year anniversary

60's music

the 60s (the sixties)

Of

Gebruik "of" voor: zaken, hoeveelheden, aardrijkskundige namen

• the back of the house 
• a gram of salt
• The city of London

 

 

the county of Essex

het graafschap Essex

www.englisch-hilfen.de

Word order - SVOPT

• Subject - Verb - Object - Place - Time (P before T) ->  I saw John in London last week

• Adverbs of frequency -> before the main verb (I have often thought about it)

• Long adverbs -> beginning or end of sentence (Naturally, we wouldn't mind. We wouldn't mind, naturally.)

• Adverb & "to be" -> after "to be" (She is always late. They are never sulky.)

Prepositions 

(www.english-hilfen.de/grammar/prepositions)

Time:

Days = on (on Sunday/on my birthday)

Months / Seasons / years / part of the day = in

Others:

In three weeks' time (over 3 weken) / In an hour (over een uur)

Within 24 hours (binnen 24 uur)

At the weekend (UK) / On the weekend (Am.)

At Christmas / At Easter

At school (fysiek op school) ; in school (je studeert er nog)

Last week / next Friday

In the picture (she's in the picture)

Beside (next to) vs Besides (Buiten/naast - bijv. naast auto's, hebben ze ook fietsen)

Between (tussen 2 in) vs Among (tussen meerdere(n)

Off = uit/van af (jump off) vs of = van

www.englisch-hilfen.de

Relative pronouns (havo)

• Whose = wiens/van wie (personen/dingen -> the school whose principal has left)

-> Whose car is that?

• Whom = verwijst naar persoon in combinatie met voorzetsel (direct naast whom)

-> With whom are you going to Paris? ;  About whom are you talking?; Next to whom are you sitting?; For whom are you shopping?

vs. Who are you sitting next to?

• Who = personen + huisdieren met naam

• Which = dingen (ook in combinatie met voorzetsel)

-> the thing about which you told me;  the job for which you applied

• That = personen / dingen (nooit met komma's; niet in combinatie met voorzetsel)

Relative pronouns (havo)

• That (personen/dingen) -> geen komma's

The man you saw is the killer = 1e voorkeur

The man who you saw is the killer. = 2e voorkeur

The man that you saw is the killer = iets informeler

• Which (dingen) -> kan met komma's!

The lesson, which was quite boring, finished at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. (met komma's = uitbreidend/extra info)

The lesson which she needed to attend started at 9 o'clock. (zonder komma's = beperkend/restrictive -> je bedoelt alleen deze les)

Some vs Any 

Some 

-> in bevestigende zinnen (waar geen not/hardly in staat)

-> bij vragen waarbij je "ja" verwacht (Would you like some coffee?)

Any

-> in vragen en ontkenningen (zinnen waarin not/hardly staat)

-> bij vragen waarbij je het antwoord niet weet (Is there anyone out there who can help me?)

Some vs Any 

Some 

• ongeveer (Some 300 people showed up the Queen's birthday party)
• een of andere (Some guy asked me out last night, but I don't know his name.)
• een beetje / een paar (I've got some money left; some people don't think it's fair)

Any

• wie dan ook; welke dan ook; waar dan ook etc.

Can anyone confirm that?

Any book will do, as long as I can read.

I need a holiday, any place is fine.

Prefixes - de-/dis-/un-/mis- etc.

Every prefix has a general meaning.

EXAMPLES

• de, dis, un > do the opposite of, reverse the meaning, not
• inter > between, among
• mis > bad(ly) or wrong(ly)
• over > too much
• pre > before
• re > again

Lesson 4.4 - ex. 7: Create words by adding one of the prefixes below.

de – dis – inter – mis – over – pre – re – un

disinterested/international/misunderstood/prepaid/predated/preoccupied/recover/rehearse/undone/overcooked etc.