Cette leçon contient 24 diapositives, avec quiz interactifs, diapositives de texte et 4 vidéos.
Éléments de cette leçon
9.1.4: Picking up the pieces after the war
9. The Time of World Wars
Slide 1 - Diapositive
The Big Four
Clemenceau
prime minister
France
Lloyd George
prime minister
Great Britain
Orlando
prime minister
Italy
Wilson
president
USA
Actually The Big Three....and Italy
Slide 2 - Diapositive
Important date in this lesson:
1919: June 28th: Signing of Peace Treaty of Versailles
1920: founding of the League of Nations
Slide 3 - Diapositive
What you will learn in
this lesson
that Germany was heavily punished by the Treaty of Versailles
how the map of Europe changed after the war
recognise the impact of the Treaty of Versailles for Germany
Use these questions to make your own summary
Slide 4 - Diapositive
The signing of the treaty of peace at Versailles, 28 June 1919
Slide 5 - Diapositive
American president Wilson was enthusiastically greeted by the people of Paris in 1919
Slide 6 - Diapositive
The Big Four, 27th May, 1919. From left to right: Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Great Britain), Premier Vittorio Orlando (Italy), French Premier Georges Clemenceau, US President Wilson.
Slide 7 - Diapositive
= attitude towards Germany
= reasons for this attitude
= main aim
Make a schematic overview in your notebook of the information in this task
Treat Germany harshly. Make the bastards pay for what they did. No mercy.
Treat Germany harshly, but don’t cripple it
Don't treat Germany too harshly.
we suffered the least.
A crippled Germany might be vengeful and start another war in the future.
A crippled Germany is less likely to become democratic.
we want to trade again with Germany, so Germany’s economy must be rebuilt quickly.
We suffered the most
. We are closest to Germany, so we fear the most of a possible future aggressive Germany.
keep our colonies safe by taking away Germany’s fleet and colonies.
Turn Germany into a peaceful, democratic
country. That’s the best way to preserve peace in the future.
Cripple Germany, make Germany pay reparations, get Alsace Lorraine back
Slide 8 - Question de remorquage
Upload a picture of the schematic overview you made
Slide 9 - Question ouverte
Slide 10 - Vidéo
Germany: the main culprit
On 28th June 1919, the Allies signed the Treaty of Versailles. In it was decided that Germany:
was not allowed to have an army bigger then a hundred thousand soldiers; its fleet had to be given to the Allies
had to give its colonies to France and Britain; Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France
had to give up ten percent of its territory
had to pay for the damage, caused by the war.
had to accept the full blame for WW1 (Alleinschuld)
It was mostly out of an emotion and feelings of revenge that Germany was ordered to pay 132 billion gold marks (around 380 billion euros today) as war reparations, a huge amount. The Germans were astonished that they were not allowed to participate in the meeting. As expected they were outraged when they read the treaty terms. They felt humiliated and refused to sign it. Eventually they agreed, but only because the Allies threatened to continue the war.
signing of the Treaty on June 18th, 1919, exactly 5 years after the assassination of the archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo
Slide 11 - Diapositive
Slide 12 - Vidéo
Slide 13 - Vidéo
Slide 14 - Diapositive
Slide 15 - Diapositive
Treaty of Versailles (June 28th, 1919)
Territorial
Military
Financial & economic
On top of this:
only 100,000 men army
war reparations
Alsace Lorraine back to France
Colonies to France and Britain
Alleinschuld
no union with Austria
not in League of Nations
no navy, no air force
the Saar to France (15 years)
Rhineland demilitarised
East Prussia to Poland
Slide 16 - Question de remorquage
A League of Nations
One of president Wilson’s most important objectives in his Fourteen Point plan was the idea of a League of Nations. He wanted a future in which countries gathered and discussed hostilities and possible conflicts before using violence. He hoped that it would cause transparency and end the secret alliances. Wilson dreamed of a more peaceful world in which countries would disarm their militaries, so global wars could be prevented. However, his League of Nations did not become what he had expected. Germany was still seen as the enemy and therefore was not allowed to participate. The newly formed Soviet Union (Russia) was also not welcome because it betrayed its allies. Even Wilson’s own country, the USA, did not agree with his plans. Membership to the League was declined by the congress. The League of Nations was already a weak institution when it started.
The official opening of the League of Nations, 15 November 1920
Slide 17 - Diapositive
Slide 18 - Diapositive
Slide 19 - Diapositive
The end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Another of Wilson’s principles was the right of national self-determination: Wilson believed that a nation sharing a common language or culture should be free to form its own nation state. They should be helped in any struggle for independence from empires or other autocratic rulers all over the world. He wanted to inspire smaller countries to govern themselves democratically. The other Allies had to agree with this right of national self-determination, because many people in Eastern Europe had already declared new states after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. At Paris, the Allies gave the nationalists the right to form new countries such as Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Austria and Hungary became separate countries. The Austrians requested to become a part of Germany, but the Allies dismissed this idea because it would appear to be a reward for Germany. Millions of Germans suddenly became minorities in Poland or in Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia. This caused new tensions in Eastern Europe.